Scientists must share their work with the public in order to promote science-based public discourse and policies. These acts of science communication are often evaluated in terms of their ability to inform (i.e., introduce accurate and accessible information) and engage (i.e., capture interest and maintain attention). We focus on a third basis by which science communication might be judged, influence. Science communicators exert influence when they shape public opinions in ways that affect their judgments and decisions, alter social and political discourse and debate, and guide social policy. We describe how the influence of any given science communication should be evaluated independent of its ability to inform or engage. We give particular attention in our analysis to the often unintended influences that well-meaning science communicators can have. We begin by considering ways that communications from climate scientists might reduce support for climate regulation and communications from health scientists might undermine public health. We then develop two “case studies,” drawn from social psychology. These show how popular media descriptions of the science of racial bias and disadvantage might in some cases exacerbate racial discrimination and reduce concern for the disadvantaged. We close with an agenda for a more vigorous science of science communication; one that engages in two complementary pursuits. Critical studies identify the dominant and consequential effects that popular science communicators are having on public perceptions. Strategic studies advance and empirically

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高雅的科学叙事和意想不到的影响：科学传播学议程

科学家必须与公众分享他们的工作，以促进基于科学的公众话语和政策。这些科学传播行为通常根据其告知（即引入准确和可访问的信息）和参与（即引起兴趣并保持关注）的能力来评估。我们专注于可以判断科学传播影响力的第三个基础。当科学传播者以影响公众的判断和决定，改变社会和政治言论，辩论并指导社会政策的方式来形成公众意见时，就会发挥影响力。我们描述了如何评估任何给定的科学传播的影响力，而不论其具有告知或参与的能力。在分析中，我们特别注意善意的科学传播者经常会产生意想不到的影响。我们首先考虑气候科学家的交流可能会减少对气候调节的支持，而卫生科学家的交流可能会破坏公共卫生的方式。然后，我们从社会心理学中得出两个“案例研究”。这些表明，流行的媒体对种族偏见和劣势科学的描述在某些情况下可能会加剧种族歧视并减少对弱势群体的关注。我们以提倡更加强大的科学传播科学的议程作为结尾。一个涉及两个互补的追求。批判性研究确定了科普传播者对公众观念的显性和间接影响。