Abstract In recent decades, tolerance has been proposed as a necessary response to the global rise in cultural and religious diversity. Tolerance is widely embraced in community, national, and international policies, in relation to many types of differences between people and groups. However, in both public and academic discourse, the notion of tolerance appears to have various meanings, which limits our ability to create, evaluate, and implement effective policies. To discuss various policy implications of toleration, we first consider the concept of toleration and its difference from prejudice. We then discuss existing research on intergroup tolerance, the importance of perspective taking, the asymmetry of tolerance, and the boundaries of toleration. Subsequently, we discuss research that indicates that the discourse of tolerance can function as a dimension of intergroup comparison that leads to acceptance or rejection of cultural and religious minority groups. Furthermore, we consider the depoliticized effects that tolerance discourse might have and the possible negative psychological consequences for groups that are tolerated in society. Gaps in existing knowledge are considered and policy implications are explored throughout.

中文翻译：

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群体间的容忍及其对文化多元化社会的启示

摘要在最近几十年中，人们已经提出宽容是对全球文化和宗教多样性上升的必要反应。关于人与群体之间许多类型的差异，宽容在社区，国家和国际政策中得到了广泛的接受。但是，在公共和学术讨论中，宽容的概念似乎具有多种含义，这限制了我们制定，评估和实施有效政策的能力。为了讨论宽容的各种政策含义，我们首先考虑宽容的概念及其与偏见的区别。然后，我们讨论有关群体间容忍度，观点取舍的重要性，容忍度的不对称性和容忍度边界的现有研究。随后，我们讨论的研究表明，宽容的话语可以作为群体间比较的一个维度，从而导致文化或宗教少数群体的接受或拒绝。此外，我们考虑了容忍话语可能带来的非政治化影响，以及对社会上可以容忍的群体可能造成的负面心理影响。考虑现有知识方面的差距，并在整个过程中探讨政策含义。