In Aramaic, the productive causative (= C) stem can be reconstructed as *hapˁil- (suffix-conjugation) ~ *yVhapˁil- (prefix-conjugation) with *h as the causative morpheme. There are, however, also traces in Aramaic of what seems to be a non-productive C-stem in which the causative morpheme is š (< Proto-Semitic *s¹). This šap̄ˁel, as it is called, was traditionally thought to result from contact with Akkadian, which has a productive C-stem with a causative morpheme š (< *s¹), i.e., šaprus (stative) ~ ušapris (preterite). Nevertheless, Rabin convincingly argued, against the traditional interpretation, that many šap̄ˁel forms in Aramaic cannot be loanwords from Akkadian. Different suggestions have been made to explain the Aramaic šap̄ˁel forms that are not loanwords from Akkadian. In this article, I propose an additional option: some Aramaic šap̄ˁel forms are, I argue, backformations from *ˀištapˁal- (suffix-conjugation) ~ *yištapˁal- (prefix-conjugation), which I reconstruct as the Proto-Aramaic CT-stem inherited from Proto-Semitic.

在Aramaic中，可以将生产性成因（= C）茎重构为*hapˁil-（后缀结合）〜*yVhapˁil-（前缀-结合），并以* h为成因语素。但是，在Aramaic中也有一些痕迹，它似乎是一种非生产性的C词干，其成因语素为š（<原始犹太语* s ¹）。传统上，这种语被认为是由于与Akkadian接触而产生的，阿卡德语具有高产的C词干，且具有成因语素š（<* s ¹），即apaprus（stative）〜ušapris（名贵）。尽管如此，拉宾还是有说服力地反对传统解释，认为阿拉姆语中的许多沙佩尔形式都不是阿卡德语中的借词。为了解释不是来自阿卡德语的外来词的Aramaicšap̄ˁel形式，已经提出了不同的建议。在本文中，我提出了一个附加的选择：我认为某些Aramaic的apapel形式是* ˀištapˁal-（后缀-共轭）〜*yištapˁal-（前缀-共轭）的反向形式，我将其重构为Proto-Aramaic CT-词干继承自原始犹太人。