Nivaĉle, a Mataco-Mataguayan language of the South American Chaco, exhibits right branching syntax often involving determiners. The determiners express visibility, proximity, existence, have temporal implications, and mark abstract referents and nominalized clauses. This paper proposes that headless relative clauses arose by using determiners in grammatical nominalization via an amalgam source construction, while a certain complement clause structure may have arisen by using a determiner as a cataphoric pronoun before a co-referent clause. As background for the historical argument, we first introduce the determiners and predicating versus referring expressions. We then discuss the role of the determiners in grammatical nominalization to create headless relatives, and then the complement clause structure headed by ka=. Employing comparative Mataguayan data, we propose historical scenarios that may have yielded the two constructions.

中文翻译：

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Nivaĉle中的限定词和语法名词化的发展*

Nivaĉle 是南美查科的一种马塔科-马塔圭语，它展示了经常涉及限定词的正确分支句法。限定词表达可见性、接近性、存在性，具有时间含义，并标记抽象所指和名词化从句。本文提出无头关系从句是通过混合源结构在语法名词化中使用限定词而产生的，而某种补语从句结构可能是通过在共同所指从句之前使用限定词作为隐喻代词而产生的。作为历史论证的背景，我们首先介绍限定词和谓词与指称表达式。然后我们讨论限​​定词在语法名词化中的作用以创建无头亲属，然后讨论以ka=为首的补语从句结构. 利用比较马塔圭数据，我们提出了可能产生两种结构的历史情景。