Abstract Nature reserves are one of the most important measures in saving biodiversity, however, during the climate change, a real danger arises, that these territories would not be able to fulfill the objectives. In order to mitigate negative effects of climate change in protected areas it is necessary to create and apply management programs, based on future ecosystems needs. The main aim of presented study was to evaluate sensitivity of rare and vulnerable species to climate change in order to suggest measures for better management of nature reserves in the future. According to scientific literature, 12 biological and ecological plant characteristics determining sensitivity of species (limiting factors) have been detected. 73 plant species that are protected in Lithuanian reserves were evaluated qualitatively according to limiting factors of climate change. As the result, it was offered to apply additional protection measures to 47 species in the light of climate change. Groups of plant species that should be affected highly negatively or highly positively were identified. 16% of plant species protected in nature reserves were evaluated as very sensitive to climate change and the condition of these plants may worsen. On the other hand, 14 plant species were given as least sensitive to negative effects and future climate is more favorable to species growth and spread than the existing. The highest danger is predicted for Silene chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh., and the best condition is predicted for Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó. The study also gives recommendations for the protection of rare plants in the future. Different management measures are taken into account: mitigation of the direct effect of climate change (I), improvement of an existing level of rareness (II), respecting the relation to physical and biological environment (III), consideration of spread and geographical limits (IV). Three management intensity levels were suggested according to species sensitivity.

中文翻译：

---

气候变化视角下立陶宛（自然）保护区珍稀脆弱植物物种保护优化

摘要 自然保护区是保护生物多样性最重要的措施之一，然而，在气候变化期间，真正的危险出现了，这些领土将无法实现目标。为了减轻气候变化对保护区的负面影响，有必要根据未来的生态系统需求制定和应用管理计划。所提出研究的主要目的是评估稀有和脆弱物种对气候变化的敏感性，以便为未来更好地管理自然保护区提出建议。根据科学文献，已检测到 12 种决定物种敏感性（限制因素）的生物和生态植物特征。根据气候变化的限制因素，对立陶宛保护区保护的 73 种植物物种进行了定性评估。因此，鉴于气候变化，提议对 47 个物种采取额外的保护措施。确定了应该受到高度负面影响或高度正面影响的植物物种组。16% 的自然保护区保护植物物种被评估为对气候变化非常敏感，这些植物的状况可能会恶化。另一方面，有 14 种植物物种被认为对负面影响最不敏感，未来气候比现有气候更利于物种生长和传播。Silene chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh. 的危险度最高，Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds 的危险度最高。Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó。该研究还为今后保护珍稀植物提出了建议。考虑了不同的管理措施：减轻气候变化的直接影响（I），改善现有的稀有程度（II），尊重与物理和生物环境的关系（III），考虑传播和地理限制（四）。根据物种敏感性建议了三个管理强度级别。