Abstract:As Brazilian soybean exports doubled between 2001/02 and 2011/12 and major production areas consolidated in remote inland Cerrado regions, moving product to port has proven to be a challenge. A review of the literature, data analysis, and interviews with experts in the logistics chain revealed that a lack of grain storage, overreliance on trucking, poor road conditions, and inefficient operations at rail terminals and ports impede a smooth flow of grain from farm to port. Because of the comparatively low per-unit values of agricultural bulk commodities, transportation may account for a large share of the total cost of soybean exports. As a result, it was hypothesized that increases in transportation costs may reduce farm-gate prices, affecting producer profitability and, thus, national production. To test that hypothesis, this study examined transportation costs from inland production regions to traffic hubs and the Santos seaport. A comparison of theoretical producer prices calculated based on logistics costs versus actual local prices was employed to confirm that transport inefficiencies have led to depressed farm gate prices.

中文翻译：

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运输和物流对巴西大豆价格和出口的影响

摘要：由于巴西大豆出口在 2001/02 至 2011/12 年间翻了一番，主要产区集中在偏远的内陆塞拉多地区，将产品运往港口已被证明是一项挑战。查阅文献、数据分析和对物流链专家的访谈发现，粮食储存不足、过度依赖卡车运输、道路状况差以及铁路码头和港口运营效率低下，阻碍了粮食从农场到农场的顺畅流动。港口。由于农业大宗商品的单位价值相对较低，运输可能占大豆出口总成本的很大一部分。因此，有人假设运输成本的增加可能会降低农场交货价格，从而影响生产者的盈利能力，进而影响国家产量。为了检验这个假设，本研究考察了从内陆产区到交通枢纽和桑托斯海港的运输成本。基于物流成本计算的理论生产者价格与当地实际价格的比较被用来确认运输效率低下导致农场价格下降。