ABSTRACT

One of the often-cited challenges in biodiversity conservation is financing. But publications on financing are mostly confined to specific financial mechanisms, regions and actors. Fewer attempts have been made to find overall trends. Through a thematic review of 64 peer-reviewed articles, covering different disciplines and published since 2010, this study found three dominant themes recurring around the topic of biodiversity financing: underfunding, inefficient funding distribution and the pursuit for innovative financial mechanisms. Estimates of the funding gap are much higher than previously calculated and continuously increasing given the acceleration of new threats. Proposals for better targeting of available finances advocate for the use of priority protocols focussed on objectivity and efficiency. However, in practice funding allocation does not seem to follow objective indicators and remains quite inconsistent with conservation needs. This analysis shows that at the core of innovative financial mechanisms are new strategic networks between governments, civil society and businesses. Understanding these new networks is crucial for better capturing the patterns of pooling, mixing and directing financial flows, and the subsequent implications for policy and prioritization criteria. This paper argues that theories focusing on networks and flows could present a useful perspective for future studies on biodiversity financing.

摘要

生物多样性保护中经常提到的挑战之一是融资。但是关于融资的出版物大多局限于特定的金融机制、地区和参与者。寻找总体趋势的尝试较少。通过对 2010 年以来发表的涵盖不同学科的 64 篇同行评审文章进行专题审查，本研究发现围绕生物多样性融资主题反复出现的三个主要主题：资金不足、资金分配效率低下和追求创新的融资机制。鉴于新威胁的加速，资金缺口的估计值远高于先前的计算值，并且不断增加。更好地针对可用资金的建议提倡使用注重客观性和效率的优先协议。然而，在实践中，资金分配似乎没有遵循客观指标，并且与保护需求仍然很不一致。这一分析表明，创新金融机制的核心是政府、民间社会和企业之间的新战略网络。了解这些新网络对于更好地捕捉汇集、混合和引导资金流动的模式以及随后对政策和优先级标准的影响至关重要。本文认为，关注网络和流量的理论可为未来的生物多样性融资研究提供有用的视角。民间社会和企业。了解这些新网络对于更好地捕捉汇集、混合和引导资金流动的模式以及随后对政策和优先级标准的影响至关重要。本文认为，关注网络和流量的理论可为未来的生物多样性融资研究提供有用的视角。民间社会和企业。了解这些新网络对于更好地捕捉汇集、混合和引导资金流动的模式以及随后对政策和优先级标准的影响至关重要。本文认为，关注网络和流量的理论可为未来的生物多样性融资研究提供有用的视角。