ABSTRACT

In Polish social sciences, after 1989, the interest in ideology has been gradually replaced with research on discursive forms of power. The reception of Foucauldian governmentality studies has resulted in a shift from the Weberian concept of power to understanding power in terms of a practical technology of governing people through symbolic forces of discourse. However, after the 2015 victory of right-wing parties in presidential and parliamentary elections in Poland and the emergence of the second illiberal democracy in the European Union, we witness a revival of the question of ideology as a material-practical tool for shaping people’s sentiments. In recent years, the assessment of the Polish systemic transition which started thirty years ago has been the subject of heated ideological debates. The Polish transformation has been retold and its leadership and outcomes re-evaluated from different standpoints. The comparative analysis of public statements that give contradictory assessments of the Polish transition presented in this article examines the relationship between discursive and ideological practices, and the possible linkages between post-Foucauldian analysis and the critique of ideology.

摘要

在波兰社会科学中，1989 年后，对意识形态的兴趣逐渐被对话语权力形式的研究所取代。福柯治理研究的接受导致从韦伯的权力概念转变为通过话语的符号力量治理人民的实用技术来理解权力。然而，在 2015 年波兰右翼政党在总统和议会选举中获胜以及欧盟出现第二次非自由民主之后，我们目睹了意识形态问题作为塑造人们情绪的物质实用工具的复兴。 . 近年来，对三十年前开始的波兰体制转型的评估一直是激烈的意识形态辩论的主题。波兰的转型已被重新讲述，其领导力和成果从不同的角度重新评估。本文中对波兰转型做出相互矛盾评估的公开声明的比较分析检验了话语和意识形态实践之间的关系，以及后福柯式分析与意识形态批判之间可能存在的联系。