Introduction: The association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the development of diabetes remains controversial. This study examined the effect of HBV infection on glucose homeostasis using a duck HBV (DHBV) model. Methods: Plasma DHBV DNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tissue infection of DHBV was determined by detecting DHBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) with a method of rolling circle amplification combined with cross-gap PCR, and verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. An intravenous injection glucose tolerance test (GTT) was used to analyze the effect of DHBV infection on glucose tolerance. Results: Of the finally included 97 domestic ducks, 53 (54.6%) were congenitally infected by DHBV. The positive rate of DHBV cccDNA in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and skeletal muscle of the infected ducks was 100, 75.5, 67.9, and 47.2%, respectively. The DHBV-infected ducks had higher blood glucose levels at 15 and 30 min post-load glucose (p #x3c; 0.01 and p #x3c; 0.001, respectively) in the GTT, much more individuals with greater glucose area under curve (p #x3c; 0.01), and a 57% impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) rate, as compared with noninfected controls. In addition, the subgroups of the infected ducks with DHBV cccDNA positive in skeletal muscle maintained the higher blood glucose level up to 2 h post-load glucose during the GTT and had a 76% IGT rate. Conclusion: These results suggest that DHBV intrahepatic and extrahepatic infection impairs glucose tolerance, and thus evidence the association of DHBV infection with the dysregulation of glucose metabolism.
Intervirology

中文翻译：

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感染乙型肝炎病毒的鸭子的葡萄糖稳态失调

简介：乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染与糖尿病发展之间的关联仍存在争议。本研究使用鸭 HBV (DHBV) 模型检查了 HBV 感染对葡萄糖稳态的影响。方法：采用定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测血浆DHBV DNA。DHBV的组织感染通过滚环扩增结合交叉间隙PCR的方法检测DHBV共价闭合环状DNA（cccDNA），并通过荧光原位杂交法验证。静脉注射葡萄糖耐量试验（GTT）用于分析DHBV感染对葡萄糖耐量的影响。结果：在最终纳入的97只家鸭中，53只（54.6%）先天感染了DHBV。感染鸭肝、肾、胰腺、骨骼肌DHBV cccDNA阳性率分别为100%、75.5%、67.9%和47.2%。在 GTT 中，DHBV 感染的鸭子在加载葡萄糖后 15 和 30 分钟时具有更高的血糖水平（分别为p #x3c；0.01 和p #x3c；0.001），更多的个体具有更大的葡萄糖曲线下面积（p # x3c; 0.01) 和 57% 的糖耐量受损 (IGT) 率，与未感染的对照相比。此外，骨骼肌 DHBV cccDNA 阳性的感染鸭亚组在 GTT 期间维持较高的血糖水平，直至负荷葡萄糖后 2 小时，IGT 率为 76%。结论：这些结果表明 DHBV 肝内和肝外感染会损害葡萄糖耐量，从而证明 DHBV 感染与葡萄糖代谢失调有关。
病毒学