abstract:

This paper links endogenous development, externalities, and higher participation in education with issues of student finance and equity in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper is based on new panel data for 43 African countries for 2000-2017, offering new findings for this recent period during which per capita growth in Africa has picked up significantly and about which there is great curiosity. The findings provide evidence that the external effects of lower levels of education lower fertility rates, and that secondary education supports democratization (improvement in political rights).

Together with prior literature the above builds a strong social scientific case about how these external effects of basic education lower the explosive population growth in sub-Saharan Africa through the education of women. This paper goes further to explore the role of government expenditure per student, a powerful driver of lower fertility and more democratization at the primary and secondary levels but not at the higher education level. The problem with inefficiency in financing higher education as large and costly per student room and board grants are provided to the children of the wealthy (who are likely to attend college anyway) with little resource recovery is found to lower its cost effectiveness in achieving per capita growth and development.

摘要：

本文将内生发展、外部性和更高的教育参与度与撒哈拉以南非洲的学生资助和公平问题联系起来。该论文基于 2000 年至 2017 年 43 个非洲国家的新面板数据，提供了最近一段时期的新发现，在此期间，非洲的人均增长显着回升，对此人们非常好奇。调查结果提供证据表明，较低教育水平的外部影响会降低生育率，并且中等教育支持民主化（政治权利的改善）。

以上与先前的文献一起构建了一个强有力的社会科学案例，说明基础教育的这些外部影响如何通过妇女教育来降低撒哈拉以南非洲的人口爆炸性增长。本文进一步探讨了每名学生政府支出的作用，这是中小学低生育率和更加民主化的强大驱动力，但在高等教育阶段则不然。高等教育筹资效率低下的问题是，向富人的孩子（无论如何他们可能会上大学）提供大量且昂贵的食宿补助，而资源回收很少，这降低了实现人均目标的成本效益增长与发展。