Abstract

Hexavalent chromium has been widely distributed in the environment by natural and anthropogenic sources characterized by higher toxicological and solubility properties than the trivalent form. Remediation-by-reduction of chromium (VI) to chromium (III) through the use of chemicals has offered an environmental and cost-effective approach for chromate detoxification. One of the major disadvantages of chemical reduction is that the addition of reductant constitutes a secondary source of contamination; for instance, sodium dithionite at low pH can decompose to sulfur dioxide which can irritate the skin and respiratory tract. In this review, the application of safer reductants of conventional and nanotechnological approaches is addressed. The use of antioxidant biomaterials for chromium (VI) remediation may offer benign alternatives to the use of chemical reductants.

摘要

六价铬已通过自然和人为来源广泛分布在环境中，其特征是比三价铬具有更高的毒理学和溶解度特性。通过使用化学品将铬 (VI) 还原为铬 (III) 的修复为铬酸盐解毒提供了一种环境和成本效益高的方法。化学还原的主要缺点之一是还原剂的添加构成了二次污染源；例如，连二亚硫酸钠在低 pH 值下会分解成二氧化硫，这会刺激皮肤和呼吸道。在这篇综述中，讨论了传统和纳米技术方法中更安全的还原剂的应用。