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The seismograph as a diplomatic object: The Soviet–American exchange of instruments, 1958–1964
Centaurus ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1111/1600-0498.12393
Lif Lund Jacobsen 1 , Irina Fedorova 2 , Julia Lajus 3
Affiliation  

Scientists from both sides of the Iron Curtain met in Geneva in 1958 and 1959 to create the technical basis for monitoring a future nuclear test ban treaty. Despite their scientific veneer, these meetings were politically motivated and the scientists tried to forward U.S. or Soviet objectives through their technical discussions. Seismographic data was a cornerstone of the proposed monitoring regime, but when the discussions became political, so too did the instruments that produced the scientific data. Thus, seismographs became diplomatic objects used to support or challenge foreign policy objectives. After the collapse of the scientific meetings, the US distributed seismographs as diplomatic gifts to create a worldwide, U.S.-controlled nuclear-detection network in 1960. To exploit data from the network without supporting U.S. policy objectives, the USSR in 1961 proposed to exchange U.S. seismographs for Soviet ones, as two objects of equal value. That allowed each superpower to access the other's technology without creating bonds of mutual obligations. However, this type of inverted, object-based diplomacy also gave scientists from international scientific organisations or small, non-nuclear nations like Denmark a way to engage in nuclear diplomacy. When Danish scientists offered to create a connection station between the U.S. and Soviet seismic networks, they did so in full agreement with the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs in order to strengthen their policy of nuclear disarmament independently of U.S. objectives.

中文翻译:

作为外交对象的地震仪:1958-1964 年的苏美仪器交换

铁幕双方的科学家于 1958 年和 1959 年在日内瓦会面,为监测未来的禁止核试验条约奠定技术基础。尽管表面上是科学的,但这些会议是出于政治动机,科学家们试图通过他们的技术讨论来推进美国或苏联的目标。地震数据是拟议监测制度的基石,但当讨论变得政治化时,产生科学数据的仪器也变得政治化。因此,地震仪成为用于支持或挑战外交政策目标的外交对象。科学会议失败后,美国于 1960 年将地震仪作为外交礼物分发,以创建一个由美国控制的全球核探测网络。为了在不支持美国政策目标的情况下利用网络数据,苏联于 1961 年提议将美国地震仪换成苏联地震仪,作为两个同等价值的对象。这使得每个超级大国都可以在不产生相互义务的情况下获得对方的技术。然而,这种反向的、基于对象的外交也为来自国际科学组织或丹麦等无核小国的科学家提供了一种参与核外交的方式。当丹麦科学家提出在美国和苏联地震网络之间建立一个连接站时,他们这样做是在与丹麦外交部完全同意的情况下进行的,以加强其独立于美国目标的核裁军政策。的技术,而不会产生相互义务的纽带。然而,这种反向的、基于对象的外交也为来自国际科学组织或丹麦等无核小国的科学家提供了一种参与核外交的方式。当丹麦科学家提出在美国和苏联地震网络之间建立一个连接站时,他们这样做是在与丹麦外交部完全同意的情况下进行的,以加强其独立于美国目标的核裁军政策。的技术,而不会产生相互义务的纽带。然而,这种反向的、基于对象的外交也为来自国际科学组织或丹麦等无核小国的科学家提供了一种参与核外交的方式。当丹麦科学家提出在美国和苏联地震网络之间建立一个连接站时,他们这样做是在与丹麦外交部完全同意的情况下进行的,以加强其独立于美国目标的核裁军政策。
更新日期:2021-06-30
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