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Infrastructure, enforcement, and COVID-19 in Mumbai slums: A first look
Journal of Regional Science ( IF 2.807 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-10 , DOI: 10.1111/jors.12552
Vaidehi Tandel 1 , Sahil Gandhi 2 , Shaonlee Patranabis 2 , Luís M. A. Bettencourt 3 , Anup Malani 4, 5
Affiliation  

This study is among the first to investigate whether patterns of access to basic services could explain the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 in slums. Using geolocated containment zones and COVID-19 case data for Mumbai, India's most populous city, we find that cases and case fatality rates are higher in slums compared with formal residential buildings. Our results show that access to toilets for men is associated with lower COVID-19 prevalence. However, the effect is opposite in the case of toilets for women. This could be because limited hours for safely using toilets and higher waiting times increase the risk of exposure, and women and children sharing toilet facilities results in crowding. Proximity to water pipelines has no effect on prevalence, likely because slumdwellers are disconnected from formal water supply networks. Indoor crowding does not seem to have an effect on case prevalence. Finally, while police capacity—measured by number of police station outposts—is associated with lower prevalence in nonslum areas, indicating effective enforcement of containment, this relationship does not hold in slums. The study highlights the urgency of finding viable solutions for slum improvement and upgrading to mitigate the effects of contagion for some of the most vulnerable populations.

中文翻译:

孟买贫民窟的基础设施、执法和 COVID-19:初探

这项研究是首批调查获得基本服务的模式是否可以解释 COVID-19 在贫民窟中的不成比例的严重影响的研究之一。使用印度人口最多的城市孟买的地理隔离区和 COVID-19 病例数据,我们发现贫民窟的病例和病死率高于正规住宅楼。我们的研究结果表明,男性上厕所与较低的 COVID-19 流行率相关。然而,在女性厕所的情况下,效果恰恰相反。这可能是因为安全使用厕所的时间有限和更长的等待时间会增加暴露风险,而共用厕所设施的妇女和儿童会导致拥挤。靠近供水管道对流行率没有影响,可能是因为贫民窟居民与正规供水网络断开连接。室内拥挤似乎对病例患病率没有影响。最后,虽然警察能力(以派出所前哨数量衡量)与非贫民区的较低流行率相关,表明遏制措施得到了有效执行,但这种关系在贫民窟并不成立。该研究强调了为贫民窟改善和升级寻找可行解决方案以减轻传染对一些最脆弱人群的影响的紧迫性。
更新日期:2021-07-10
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