Purpose

The research aims to provide the basis for a better understanding of the internationalization of higher education in Vietnam. First, it examines Vietnam's higher education reforms and policy/ legal frameworks for the promotion of internationalization since the implementation of Doi Moi in 1986. Secondly, it analyzes the internationalization activities at the national and institutional levels. At both levels, the internationalization activities are categorized into internationalization at home and cross borders (Knight, 2012). Finally, the paper discusses the challenges Vietnamese HE is facing and presents policy directions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a case study research strategy to examine and gain understanding of internationalization of higher education in Vietnam as a phenomenon. The study collected detailed information using a variety of data collection procedures over a period of time. First, it analyzes Vietnam's higher education reforms as well as policy and legal framework for the promotion of internationalization. Then, using Knight's framework, the study analyzed the internationalization at home and crossborder educational activities at the national and institutional levels. At the national level, strategic policy goals and programs were explored. Then, it chose Vietnam National University- Hanoi as a institutional case to learn its institutional strategies on cross border programs and mobility, reputation building, research cooperation.

Findings

Vietnam has continuously reformed its legal and policy framework of higher education to better integrate into the global higher education market and also to meet the national demand for economic development. Predominant rationale for Vietnam to engage in crossborder programs is for brain development, specifically in the academics and public sector. Meanwhile internationalization at home is driven by (1) international programs and universities and (2) initiative to enhance competitiveness of its higher education institutes. Vietnam hosts different models of international universities, including classical, satellite and co-founded. However, issues and challenges remain, such as poor lack of systematic cooperation and coordination at the governmental level, retaining talents, and finally finances.

Originality/value

Written for the special edition on Internationalization of Higher Education in the Era of SDGs: Asia–Pacific Perspective, the study aims to provide a basis for understanding the current situation of internationalization higher education in Vietnam and how it compares to its partners in the region. This study is unique as it provides a two-layer analysis, at the national and institutional levels capturing macro and micro perspectives in one scene. In addition, this study includes rich empirical data, which was rare in previous literature due to limited access.

中文翻译：

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越南高等教育国际化：现状、政策和挑战

目的

该研究旨在为更好地了解越南高等教育的国际化提供基础。首先，它考察了自 1986 年实施 Doi Moi 以来越南高等教育改革和促进国际化的政策/法律框架。其次，它分析了国家和机构层面的国际化活动。在这两个层面上，国际化活动分为国内国际化和跨境国际化（Knight，2012）。最后，本文讨论了越南高等教育面临的挑战并提出了政策方向。

设计/方法/方法

本研究采用案例研究策略来检查和了解越南高等教育国际化这一现象。该研究在一段时间内使用各种数据收集程序收集了详细信息。首先，它分析了越南的高等教育改革以及促进国际化的政策和法律框架。然后，使用奈特的框架，研究分析了国内国际化和国家和机构层面的跨境教育活动。在国家一级，探讨了战略政策目标和方案。然后，它选择越南国立大学-河内作为机构案例，了解其在跨境项目和流动性、声誉建立、研究合作方面的机构战略。

发现

越南不断改革高等教育的法律和政策框架，以更好地融入全球高等教育市场，满足国家经济发展的需求。越南参与跨境项目的主要理由是大脑发展，特别是在学术界和公共部门。与此同时，国内的国际化由（1）国际项目和大学以及（2）提高高等教育机构竞争力的举措推动。越南拥有不同模式的国际大学，包括古典大学、卫星大学和共同创办的大学。但是，政府层面缺乏系统的合作与协调、留住人才，最后是财政方面的问题和挑战依然存在。

原创性/价值

该研究为可持续发展目标时代高等教育国际化特刊撰写：亚太视角，旨在为了解越南高等教育国际化现状及其与该地区合作伙伴的比较提供基础。这项研究是独一无二的，因为它提供了两层分析，在国家和机构层面，在一个场景中捕捉宏观和微观视角。此外，这项研究包括丰富的经验数据，由于访问有限，这在以前的文献中很少见。