Eve Krakowski’s Coming of Age in Medieval Egypt artfully uses sources from the Cairo Geniza to reconstruct the crucialmoment of girls’andwomen’sfirstmarriage, a period that she defines as “adolescence.” This study is a refreshing reexamination of some of the ideas and arguments about medieval Jewish society that S. D. Goitein (1967–93) initially presented in his monumental Mediterranean Society. For instance, Krakowski reinterprets Goitein’s conclusion thatmedieval Jewish familieswere composed of “cohesive patriarchal clans whose members lived together in extended households” (3). Using the concept of female adolescence, she reveals the importance of kin support for women and corrects previously held narratives about marriage, including the idea that there were preferences for cousin marriage and marrying female virgins. As Krakowski states in her introduction, “This book considers how such ordinary Jewish women fit into the social order of the tenthto thirteenth-century Islamic eastern Mediterranean, both aswomenandas Jews, andhowtwo institutions central to their social order—kinship and law—shaped their lives” (2). Her study contends that a girl’s or woman’s first marriage had significant social and economic importance and that women’s experiences more broadly reframe our understanding of Jewish family structure, because families should be “understood as fluid social networks frequently disrupted and reconfigured by travel, divorce, remarriage, and death” (3). In addition, Krakowski’s juxtaposition of Jewish legal literature and sources from the Cairo Geniza, which encompass a variety of genres, including letters and marriage documents, allows her to detail the “complicated ‘fault lines’ ” between rabbinic legal practice and social practice (4). Krakowski compares the medieval Jewish community in Egypt to Muslims and Christians, asserting that “Geniza Jews,” as she terms the individuals found in the Geniza corpus, and

中文翻译：

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中世纪埃及的成年期：女性青春期、犹太法律和普通文化

伊芙·克拉科夫斯基 (Eve Krakowski) 的《中世纪埃及的成年》巧妙地利用开罗·杰尼萨 (Cairo Geniza) 的资料，重建了男女第一次婚姻的关键时刻，她将这段时期定义为“青春期”。这项研究令人耳目一新，重新审视了 SD Goitein（1967-93）最初在其具有里程碑意义的地中海社会中提出的关于中世纪犹太社会的一些想法和论点。例如，Krakowski 重新解释了 Goitein 的结论，即中世纪的犹太家庭由“成员共同生活在大家庭中的有凝聚力的父系氏族”组成（3）。利用女性青春期的概念，她揭示了亲属支持对女性的重要性，并纠正了先前关于婚姻的叙述，包括倾向于表亲结婚和娶处女的想法。正如克拉科夫斯基在她的介绍中所说，“这本书考虑了这些普通的犹太妇女如何融入 10 至 13 世纪伊斯兰东地中海的社会秩序，她们都是犹太人，以及对她们的社会秩序至关重要的两个机构——亲属关系和法律——如何塑造了她们的生活”（2）。她的研究认为，女孩或女人的第一次婚姻具有重大的社会和经济重要性，女性的经历更广泛地重塑了我们对犹太家庭结构的理解，因为家庭应该“被理解为流动的社交网络，经常因旅行、离婚、再婚而被破坏和重新配置。和死亡”（3）。此外，Krakowski 将犹太法律文献和来自开罗 Geniza 的来源并列，其中包括各种体裁，包括信件和婚姻文件，允许她详细说明拉比法律实践和社会实践之间的“复杂的'断层线'”（4）。Krakowski 将埃及的中世纪犹太社区与穆斯林和基督徒进行了比较，声称“Geniza 犹太人”，正如她所说的在 Geniza 语料库中发现的个人，并且