Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes or cancer are the global leading cause of mortality. Lifestyle interventions are most effective in reducing metabolic risk factors, disease progression or even side effects of a disease. They are also contributing to decelerate the aging process. Genome instability is very often associated with aging or the above-mentioned diseases, and triggered by inflammation and oxidative stress. An established method to measure chromosomal damage is the cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. The aim of this review and meta-analysis is to collect and analyse the current literature regarding the effects of a lifestyle based (dietary) intervention on changes of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in elderly subjects or people diagnosed with diabetes, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancer or micronutrient deficiency. Although the main important diseases were considered as well as the large topic of aging, the number and methodological quality in terms of samples size, duration and rationale of the intervention or an inclusion of a control group of available intervention studies with these backgrounds was low. Most of the studies used antioxidant vitamins or folate, few investigated the whole diet. Only one study showed a physical activity intervention approach. The interventions did not lead to decreased genomic marker despite a few cancer related studies, where particularly MN frequency in mucosa lesions and leukoplakia was reduced by green tea and antioxidants. The performed meta-analysis of the available RCTs did not show a significant reduction of MNi, NBUDs or NPBs of most of the interventions performed, except for green tea. Data show in general a lack of an appropriate number of sound lifestyle based intervention studies linking cytogenetic damage and chronic diseases.

中文翻译：

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老年人或被诊断患有糖尿病、代谢紊乱、心血管疾病、癌症和微量营养素缺乏症的人的饮食和生活方式干预对微核频率的影响 - 系统评价和荟萃分析。

心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病或癌症等慢性疾病是全球主要的死亡原因。生活方式干预在减少代谢风险因素、疾病进展甚至疾病的副作用方面最有效。它们还有助于减缓衰老过程。基因组不稳定通常与衰老或上述疾病有关，并由炎症和氧化应激引发。一种测量染色体损伤的既定方法是胞质分裂阻断微核 (CBMN) 细胞组测定。本综述和荟萃分析的目的是收集和分析有关基于生活方式（饮食）干预对微核 (MNi) 变化影响的当前文献，老年人或被诊断患有糖尿病、代谢紊乱、心血管疾病、癌症或微量营养素缺乏症的人的核质桥 (NPB) 和核芽 (NBUD)。尽管考虑了主要的重要疾病以及老龄化这个大话题，但在样本大小、持续时间和干预理由或将具有这些背景的可用干预研究的对照组纳入的数量和方法学质量方面，其数量和方法学质量都很低。大多数研究使用抗氧化维生素或叶酸，很少研究整个饮食。只有一项研究显示了身体活动干预方法。尽管进行了一些与癌症相关的研究，但干预措施并未导致基因组标记物降低，特别是绿茶和抗氧化剂降低了粘膜病变和白斑中的 MN 频率。对现有 RCT 进行的荟萃分析并未显示除绿茶外的大多数干预措施的 MNi、NBUD 或 NPB 显着降低。数据显示，总体上缺乏适当数量的基于健康生活方式的干预研究，将细胞遗传学损伤和慢性病联系起来。