Dr. Bruce Ames turned 92 on December 16, 2020. He considers his most recent work linking adequate consumption of 30 known vitamins and minerals with successful aging to be his most important contribution. With the passage of time, it is not uncommon for the accomplishments of a well-known scientist to undergo a parsimonious reductionism in the public mind - Pasteur's vaccine, Mendel's peas, Pavlov's dogs, Ames' test. Those of us in the research generation subsequent to Dr. Ames' are undoubtedly affected by our own unconscious tendencies toward accepting the outstanding achievements of the past as commonplace. In doing so, seminal advances made by earlier investigators are often inadvertently subsumed into common knowledge. But having followed Ames' work since the mid-1970s, we are cognizant that the eponymous Ames Test is but a single chapter in a long and rich narrative. That narrative begins with Ames' classic studies on the histidine operon of Salmonella, for which he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. A summary of the historical progression of the understanding of chemical carcinogenesis to which Ames and his colleagues contributed is provided. Any summary of a topic as expansive and complex as the ongoing unraveling of the mechanisms underlying chemical carcinogenesis will only touch upon some of the major conceptual advances to which Ames and his colleagues contributed. We hope that scientists of all ages familiar with Ames only through the eponymous Ames Test will further investigate the historical progression of the conceptualization of cancer caused by chemical exposure. As the field of chemical carcinogenesis gradually moves away from primary reliance on animal testing to alternative protocols under the rubric of New Approach Methodologies (NAM) an understanding of where we have been might help to guide where we should go.

中文翻译：

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Bruce Nathan Ames - 癌症研究革命中的范式转变。

布鲁斯·艾姆斯 (Bruce Ames) 博士于 2020 年 12 月 16 日年满 92 岁。他认为他最近的工作是将充分消耗 30 种已知维生素和矿物质与成功衰老联系起来，这是他最重要的贡献。随着时间的推移，一位知名科学家的成就在公众心目中经历一种简约的还原论并不少见——巴斯德的疫苗、孟德尔的豌豆、巴甫洛夫的狗、艾姆斯的试验。我们这些艾姆斯博士之后的研究一代无疑受到了我们自己无意识的倾向的影响，即接受过去的杰出成就是司空见惯的。在这样做的过程中，早期研究人员取得的开创性进展往往不经意间被纳入常识。但是从 1970 年代中期开始关注艾姆斯的工作，我们知道，同名的艾姆斯测试只是漫长而丰富的叙述中的一个章节。That narrative begins with Ames' classic studies on the histidine operon of Salmonella, for which he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. 提供了 Ames 和他的同事对化学致癌作用理解的历史进展的总结。任何对化学致癌作用潜在机制的持续解开这样广泛和复杂的主题的总结，都只会触及艾姆斯和他的同事们贡献的一些主要概念进步。我们希望只有通过同名的艾姆斯测试才熟悉艾姆斯的各个年龄段的科学家将进一步研究化学暴露导致癌症概念化的历史进程。