This paper explores ascriptions of dependence and independence in Māori marine environments alongside the entrenchment of colonial constructions of hierarchical kinship organisation. The modelling of independence on liberal understandings of individualism is apparent in the development of the Treaty of Waitangi settlement of Māori commercial fisheries, wherein attributes of self-reliance enabled through accumulation prevail. This articulates with a fisheries management regime whose logic is grounded in neoliberal market environmentalism, exacerbating tensions between iwi and hapū, two different levels of tribal organisation. The contemporary power ascribed to iwi, however, is more tempered than supposed, and the fluidity of hierarchical kin group positionings, noted in historical accounts, is still in existence today. Interdependence is historically continuous. It is expressed in the social relations embedded in cognatic kinship, marine tenures as well as kincentric ecologies and is inclusive of ancestors and fish species. The current claims of Māori to tribal seascapes are interpreted as an expression of interrelationships of stewardship, as a response to environmental demise and as a challenge to emergent social hierarchies.

中文翻译：

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毛利海洋环境中的相互依存亲属

本文探讨了毛利人海洋环境中依赖和独立的归属以及等级亲属组织的殖民建设的巩固。在毛利商业渔业的《怀唐伊条约》的发展过程中，对个人主义的自由理解建立了独立模型，其中通过积累实现的自力更生的属性占主导地位。这与以新自由主义市场环保主义为逻辑基础的渔业管理制度相联系，加剧了 iwi 和 hapū 这两个不同级别的部落组织之间的紧张关系。然而，赋予 iwi 的当代权力比想象的要缓和，历史记载中提到的等级亲属群体定位的流动性今天仍然存在。相互依存在历史上是连续的。它体现在嵌在同源亲属关系、海洋权属以及以亲属为中心的生态中的社会关系中，包括祖先和鱼类。目前毛利人对部落海景的主张被解释为管理权相互关系的表达，是对环境消亡的回应，也是对新兴社会等级制度的挑战。