Sulfur aerosols, mainly composed of sulfate and methanesulfonic acid (MSA), significantly affect the Earth’s radiation balance, biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems, especially in the polar regions with vulnerable environments. To better understand the relationship between anthropogenic activities and climate change, a comprehensive review is presented, covering sulfate and MSA concentrations and isotope composition from 18 sites in the Arctic, 22 sites in the Antarctic and 25 sites in the Tibetan Plateau. The spatio-temporal variability of sulfur aerosols and the potential factors controlling their concentrations are summarized, sulfur isotopes are used to identify the importance of anthropogenic vs. natural inputs, and ice cores are employed to reconstruct the paleo-evolution of atmospheric sulfates. Finally, this review discusses the need for future research on organosulfur aerosols, the mixing state of sulfur aerosols, their deposition fluxes and velocities, potential emissions by biomass burning, and the anticipated trends in sulfur aerosol concentrations in the Arctic, Antarctic, and Tibetan Plateau.

硫气溶胶主要由硫酸盐和甲磺酸（MSA）组成，对地球的辐射平衡、生物地球化学循环和生态系统产生显着影响，尤其是在环境脆弱的极地地区。为了更好地了解人为活动与气候变化之间的关系，本文进行了全面审查，涵盖了北极 18 个地点、南极 22 个地点和青藏高原 25 个地点的硫酸盐和 MSA 浓度以及同位素组成。总结了硫气溶胶的时空变异性和控制其浓度的潜在因素，硫同位素用于确定人为输入与自然输入的重要性，并利用冰芯重建大气硫酸盐的古演化。最后，