In this study we present the seasonal chemical characteristics and potential sources of PM₁₀ at an urban location of Delhi, India during 2010˗2019. The concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr, F, Cl, Br, P, S, K, As, Na, Mg, Ca, B, Ni, Mo, V, Sr, Zr and Rb) in PM₁₀ were estimated to explore their possible sources. The annual average concentration (2010–2019) of PM₁₀ was computed as 227 ± 97 µg m⁻³ with a range of 34˗734 µg m⁻³. The total carbonaceous aerosols in PM₁₀ was accounted for 22.5% of PM₁₀ mass concentration, whereas elements contribution to PM₁₀ was estimated to be 17% of PM₁₀. The statistical analysis of OC vs. EC and OC vs. WSOC of PM₁₀ reveals their common sources (biomass burning and/or fossil fuel combustion) during all the seasons. Enrichment factors (EFs) of the elements and the relationship of Al with other crustal metals (Fe, Ca, Mg and Ti) of PM₁₀ indicates the abundance of mineral dust over Delhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted the five major sources [industrial emission (IE), biomass burning + fossil fuel combustion (BB + FFC), soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE) and sodium and magnesium salts (SMS)] of PM₁₀ in Delhi, India. Back trajectory and cluster analysis of airmass parcel indicate that the pollutants approaching to Delhi are mainly from Pakistan, IGP region, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

在本研究中，我们展示了2010˗2019 年印度德里城市地区PM ₁₀的季节性化学特征和潜在来源。含碳气溶胶 [有机碳 (OC)、元素碳 (EC)、水溶性有机碳 (WSOC) 和水不溶性有机碳 (WIOC)] 和元素 (Al、Fe、Ti、Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb) 的浓度、Cr、F、Cl、Br、P、S、K、As、Na、Mg、Ca、B、Ni、Mo、V、Sr、Zr 和 Rb）在 PM _{10 中}被估计以探索它们的可能来源。PM ₁₀的年平均浓度（2010-2019）计算为 227 ± 97 µg m ^-3，范围为 34˗734 µg m ^-3。在下午的总碳气溶胶₁₀被占PM的22.5％，₁₀质量浓度，而元素对 PM _{10 的}贡献估计为 PM _{10 的}17% 。PM ₁₀的 OC与EC 和 OC与WSOC的统计分析揭示了它们在所有季节的共同来源（生物质燃烧和/或化石燃料燃烧）。PM ₁₀的元素富集因子 (EF) 以及 Al 与其他地壳金属（Fe、Ca、Mg 和 Ti）的关系表明德里上空矿尘的丰度。主成分分析 (PCA) 提取 PM ₁₀的五个主要来源 [工业排放 (IE)、生物质燃烧 + 化石燃料燃烧 (BB + FFC)、土壤粉尘、车辆排放 (VE) 和钠和镁盐 (SMS)]在印度德里。气团返回轨迹和聚类分析表明，接近德里的污染物主要来自巴基斯坦、IGP地区、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾。