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Continence, temperance, and motivational conflict: Why traditional neo-Aristotelian accounts are psychologically unrealistic
Philosophical Psychology ( IF 1.573 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 , DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2021.1960298
Matthew C. Haug 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Traditional neo-Aristotelian accounts hold that temperance and continence are distinct character traits that are distinguished by the extent to which their bearers experience motivational conflict. In this paper, I formulate two pairs of necessary conditions – which, collectively, I call the conformity thesis – that articulate this distinction. Then, drawing on work in contemporary social and personality psychology, I argue that the conformity thesis is false. Being highly self-controlled is the best, psychologically realistic candidate for continence. However, our best evidence suggests that highly self-controlled/continent people do not experience more or stronger desires that conflict with their evaluative judgments than others, and they are not particularly good at directly resisting these desires. In this way, actual continent people exhibit motivational harmony that is more similar to the traditional picture of temperance. On the other hand, they achieve this harmony because they are able to effectively employ indirect strategies for handling motivational conflict. These strategies are correctly associated with continence. Recognizing that temperance and continence are overlapping character traits puts us in a better position to understand, and design interventions to improve, the neuropsychological capacities that enable humans to intelligently manage their desires.



中文翻译:

克制、节制和动机冲突:为什么传统的新亚里士多德记述在心理上是不切实际的

摘要

传统的新亚里士多德认为,节制和克制是截然不同的性格特征,其特征在于其持有者经历动机冲突的程度。在本文中,我制定了两对必要条件——我将它们统称为一致性论点——阐明了这种区别。然后,借鉴当代社会和人格心理学的工作,我认为从众论点是错误的。高度自我控制是节制的最佳、心理上现实的候选人。然而,我们最好的证据表明,高度自我控制/大陆的人不会比其他人体验到与他们的评价判断相冲突的更多或更强烈的欲望,而且他们并不特别擅长直接抵制这些欲望。通过这种方式,实际的大陆人表现出更类似于传统节制图景的动机和谐。另一方面,他们实现了这种和谐,因为他们能够有效地采用间接策略来处理动机冲突。这些策略与节制正确相关。

更新日期:2021-07-27
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