Out of thousands of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), only five benefit from immunities from jurisdiction and execution: the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi), and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Based on empirical research, this article argues that there is an emerging State practice in granting immunity only to INGOs that meet two cumulative criteria: a hybridity character and a mission of international interest, formally recognized in a source of international law. This article proposes a new approach based on both Functionalism and Institutionalism that addresses the specificities of INGOs and thus shows that international law provides guidance on the granting of immunities.

中文翻译：

---

给予国际非政府组织豁免的客观准则的出现

在数千个国际非政府组织 (INGO) 中，只有五个受益于管辖和执行豁免：红十字国际委员会 (ICRC)、国际自然保护联盟 (IUCN)、全球抗击基金艾滋病、肺结核和疟疾；Gavi、疫苗联盟 (Gavi) 和世界反兴奋剂机构 (WADA)。基于实证研究，本文认为出现了一种新的国家实践，即仅向满足两个累积标准的 INGO 授予豁免权：混合特征和国际利益使命，国际法渊源正式承认这一点。