People often make judgments of others’ moral character — an inferred moral essence that presumably predicts moral behavior. We first define moral character and explore why people make character judgments before outlining three key elements that drive character judgments: behavior (good vs. bad, norm violations, and deliberation), mind (intentions, explanations, capacities), and identity (appearance, social groups, and warmth). We also provide taxonomy of moral character that goes beyond simply good vs. evil. Drawing from the theory of dyadic morality, we outline a two-dimensional triangular space of character judgments (valence and strength/agency), with three key corners — heroes, villains, and victims. Varieties of perceived moral character include saints and demons, strivers/sinners and opportunists, the nonmoral, virtuous, and culpable victims, and pure victims.

人们经常对他人的道德品质做出判断——一种推断的道德本质，大概可以预测道德行为。我们首先定义道德品格并探讨人们为什么会做出品格判断，然后概述驱动品格判断的三个关键因素：行为（好与坏、违反规范和深思熟虑）、心智（意图、解释、能力）和身份（外表、社会团体和温暖）。我们还提供了超越单纯善与恶的道德品格分类。从二元道德理论出发，我们勾勒出一个包含三个关键角——英雄、恶棍和受害者的性格判断（效价和力量/能动性）的二维三角形空间。各种被感知的道德品质包括圣人和恶魔、奋斗者/罪人和机会主义者、不道德的、有道德的和有罪的受害者，