Montagne Pelée is one of the most active volcanoes of the Lesser Antilles arc, with two to three magmatic eruptions per millennium and an estimated magmatic production rate in the order of 0.7 km³/1000 years. Montagne Pelée is also infamous for the very large number of people (30000) killed by an eruptive phenomenon at the onset of the 1902–1905 dome-forming eruption. Active for ~550 kyrs, Montagne Pelée has undergone two major flank collapses that influenced its volcanological as well as magmatic evolution. The last one occurred at around 36 ka. Due to changes in the threshold effect following the decrease in load of the volcanic edifice due to flank collapse, there was a switch in emitted magma from generally andesitic to basaltic andesites. After 10 kyrs of intense activity, the load exerted by the new edifice once again prevented dense basaltic andesite magma from reaching the surface, whereas andesitic magmas, similar to the initial ones, continued to be emitted. All the magmas come from a common magma ponding zone at 200 ± 50 MPa, 875 ± 25 °C, an oxygen fugacity (fO₂) between 0.4 and 0.8 log unit above the nickel‑nickel oxide (NNO) oxygen buffer, and melt H₂O contents of 5.3–6.3 wt%. Based on comparative on-land and marine tephrochronological studies, we have reconstructed a detailed eruptive history of the volcano over the last 25 kyrs. The volcano produced a succession of Plinian-SubPlinian and dome-forming eruptions, making it a textbook case for studying this duality, which sometimes occurred during a single eruption. We identified more than 55 magmatic eruptions, with a ratio of 2/3 for dome-forming vs. Plinian eruptions. An unusual feature of this volcano is that dome-forming eruptions often start with violent, superficial and laterally directed explosions. These generate highly devastating dilute and turbulent pyroclastic density currents on the southwestern and southern flanks of the volcano, as illustrated by the seven events of this type during the first months of the 1902–1905 eruption. On the basis of the past eruptions over the last millennia, a series of scenarios can be proposed in the event of reactivation, including no magmatic eruption, a phreatic event or a magmatic eruption (Plinian or dome-forming eruption, with or without an explosive phase).

Montagne Pelée 是小安的列斯群岛弧上最活跃的火山之一，每千年有 2 到 3 次岩浆喷发，估计岩浆生产率约为 0.7 公里³/1000 年。Montagne Pelée 也因在 1902 年至 1905 年圆顶火山喷发开始时因喷发现象而丧生的人数众多（30000 人）而臭名昭著。Montagne Pelée 活动约 550 kyrs，经历了两次主要的侧翼坍塌，影响了其火山和岩浆演化。最后一次发生在 36 ka 左右。由于侧翼坍塌导致火山建筑物负荷降低后阈值效应发生变化，因此喷出的岩浆从一般安山岩转变为玄武安山岩。经过 10 kyrs 的剧烈活动，新建筑物施加的负荷再次阻止了致密的玄武质安山岩浆到达地表，而与初始岩浆相似的安山岩浆继续喷出。所有岩浆都来自 200 ± 50 MPa 的共同岩浆聚集带，₂ ) 在氧化镍 (NNO) 氧缓冲液上方 0.4 到 0.8 log 单位之间，并熔化 H ₂O 含量为 5.3–6.3 wt%。基于比较陆地和海洋的地质年代学研究，我们重建了过去 25 kyrs 火山的详细喷发历史。这座火山产生了一系列普林阶-亚普林阶和圆顶型喷发，使其成为研究这种双重性的教科书案例，这种双重性有时发生在一次喷发期间。我们确定了超过 55 次岩浆喷发，圆顶形成与普林尼亚喷发的比率为 2/3。这座火山的一个不同寻常的特征是，圆顶型喷发通常以猛烈的、表面的和横向定向的爆炸开始。这些在火山的西南和南翼产生了极具破坏性的稀释和湍流火山碎屑密度流，正如在 1902-1905 年喷发头几个月期间发生的七次此类事件所说明的那样。