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A Bayesian optimal escape model reveals bird species differ in their capacity to habituate to humans
Behavioral Ecology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 , DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab033
Nicholas M Sutton 1 , Michael A Weston 2 , Patrick J Guay 3 , Jenna Tregoweth 2 , James P O’Dwyer 4
Affiliation  

The capacity to habituate to, or tolerate, the close proximity of humans varies among wildlife species and may mediate population and species viability. Some species readily habituate to human proximity while others remain sensitive. These differences are important for predicting human impact on wildlife, but can be difficult to quantify given wildlife responses are highly idiosyncratic and are often context dependent. A general method for assimilating multiple sources of information and variation in individual responses is needed to extract meaningful descriptors of population- and species-level behavior. We apply a previously verified Bayesian optimal escape model to quantify differences in the perceived risk of seven species of waterbird, and generate a metric for species-specific sensitivity by estimating the relative change in risk perception of each species across an environmental gradient from low to high prevailing human activity level. We found that, in general, birds are the least habituated (evidently perceived the highest level of risk from humans) in sites with low human activity and the most habituated (evidently perceived lower levels of risk from humans) in sites with high human activity. Species varied in the degree of these differences, with some insensitive to human activity level, while others were highly sensitive. Aside from improving our ability to study the habituation of wild populations, this method for quantifying risk perception at population and species scales has broad applications in the management and monitoring of wildlife, and may aid in environmental impact assessments and identifying populations/species susceptible to disturbance.

中文翻译:

贝叶斯最优逃生模型揭示鸟类适应人类的能力不同

适应或容忍人类近距离接触的能力因野生动物物种而异,并可能调节种群和物种的生存能力。有些物种很容易适应人类的接近,而另一些则保持敏感。这些差异对于预测人类对野生动物的影响很重要,但可能难以量化,因为野生动物的反应是高度特殊的,并且通常取决于环境。需要一种通用方法来吸收多种信息来源和个体反应的变化,以提取对种群和物种水平行为的有意义的描述。我们应用先前验证的贝叶斯最优逃生模型来量化七种水鸟的感知风险差异,并通过估计每个物种在从低到高的普遍人类活动水平的环境梯度中风险感知的相对变化来生成物种特异性敏感性的度量。我们发现,一般而言,鸟类在人类活动低的地点最不习惯(显然认为人类风险最高),而在人类活动高的地点最习惯(显然认为人类风险水平较低)。物种在这些差异的程度上各不相同,有些对人类活动水平不敏感,而另一些则高度敏感。除了提高我们研究野生种群习惯的能力外,这种在种群和物种尺度上量化风险感知的方法在野生动物的管理和监测中有着广泛的应用,
更新日期:2021-03-24
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