In Southern Patagonia, grasslands are the principal food resource for sheep reared for meat and wool as the main provisioning ecosystem services (ES). The main objective of this study was to model lamb and wool production as provisioning ES at a regional scale using climatic, topographic, and vegetation variables from sheep farms across Santa Cruz province. At a regional level, animal yield ranged from 0.25 to 0.69 g lamb/m²/yr and 0.10 to 0.19 g greasy wool/m²/yr. We used multiple regression models to produce maps of lamb and wool provisioning ES across Santa Cruz province. The model for variation of lamb production explained 96% of the variance in the data and the most significant predictor variables were temperature seasonality, normalized vegetation index (NVDI, dimensionless), and desertification index. The most important variables for the model of greasy wool production were isothermality, temperature seasonality, and NVDI, which together explained 98% of the variance. The lowest CF values of both products (lamb and wool) were located in more productive grasslands. There were differences in lamb and wool production across vegetation types with the highest values being located in more productive grasslands (0.51 g lamb/m²/yr in Nothofagus antarctica forest and 0.15 g greasy wool/m²/yr in Magellanic grass steppe and N. antarctica). Lamb and greasy wool yields decreased with desertification gradient due to erosion processes. The main limitation of the model is related to the data availability at landscape level, which must be improved in future studies by accounting for soil type, fertility, and soil water content. The results of lamb and wool production found in the present work assist in characterizing the provisioning ES ecosystem of livestock products in Southern Patagonia. The successful management of livestock becomes an important challenge to the commercial and policy communities to satisfy society’s need for food and wool products under sustainable grassland management.

中文翻译：

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南巴塔哥尼亚的羊肉和羊毛供应生态系统服务

在巴塔哥尼亚南部，草原是饲养肉类和羊毛的绵羊的主要食物资源，作为主要的生态系统服务 (ES)。本研究的主要目标是使用来自圣克鲁斯省养羊场的气候、地形和植被变量在区域范围内模拟羊肉和羊毛生产作为配置 ES。在区域层面，动物产量范围为 0.25 至 0.69 克羔羊/m ² /年和 0.10 至 0.19 克油脂羊毛/m ²/年。我们使用多元回归模型生成了圣克鲁斯省羊肉和羊毛供应 ES 的地图。羊肉产量变异模型解释了数据中 96% 的变异，最显着的预测变量是温度季节性、归一化植被指数（NVDI，无量纲）和荒漠化指数。原脂毛生产模型最重要的变量是等温性、温度季节性和 NVDI，它们共同解释了 98% 的方差。两种产品（羔羊和羊毛）的最低 CF 值位于生产力更高的草原。不同植被类型的羊肉和羊毛产量存在差异，最高值位于生产力更高的草原（0.51 g 羊肉/m ² /年）Nothofagus antarctica森林和麦哲伦草草原和N. antarctica 中的0.15 g 油腻羊毛/m ² /yr )。由于侵蚀过程，羔羊和油腻羊毛产量随沙漠化梯度下降。该模型的主要局限性与景观层面的数据可用性有关，在未来的研究中必须通过考虑土壤类型、肥力和土壤含水量来改进这一点。当前工作中发现的羊肉和羊毛生产结果有助于表征巴塔哥尼亚南部畜产品的 ES 生态系统供应。成功管理牲畜成为商业和政策团体的一项重要挑战，以满足可持续草原管理下社会对食品和羊毛产品的需求。