This paper extended the Vickrey’s point-queue model to study the early bird parking mechanism during morning commute peak hours. We not only investigated how commuters choose departure times in view of morning commute traffic congestion and the discounted early bird parking fee, but also analyzed the conditions which are determined for the existence of the user equilibrium in the analysis model provided in this paper. Moreover, the tendency of the total queuing time and the incremental parking pricing revenue was derived along with the different choice strategy between early bird parkers (ERPs) and regular parkers (RPs). The results showed that the number of commuters was jointly determined by the desired time and the bottleneck capacity for different schedules. Additionally, the method of fare incentive showed a better effect on reducing queue than the initial no-incentive method with the instantaneous travel demand. Most importantly, the incremental parking revenue can be increased by properly adjusting the parking pricing gap between ERPs and RPs. Our research not only provided several important propositions for the early bird parking mechanism but also included the optimal solutions for optimal parking pricing and schedule gap in two groups of parkers. This work is expected to promote the development of early bird parking to mitigate morning commute traffic congestion and motivate the related research of schedule coordination for regulating parking choice behavior in morning peak hours.

中文翻译：

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停车管理早鸟计划：停车如何在早上通勤问题中发挥作用

本文扩展了维克里的点队列模型来研究早上通勤高峰时段的早鸟停车机制。我们不仅研究了考虑到早上通勤交通拥堵和早鸟停车费优惠的情况下通勤者如何选择出发时间，而且还分析了本文提供的分析模型中确定用户均衡存在的条件。此外，总排队时间和增量停车定价收入的趋势是随着早鸟停车（ERP）和普通停车（RP）之间的不同选择策略而得出的。结果表明，通勤人数是由期望时间和不同时刻表的瓶颈容量共同决定的。此外，票价激励方法在减少排队方面表现出比初始无激励方法更好的瞬时出行需求。最重要的是，通过适当调整ERP和RP之间的停车定价差距，可以增加增量停车收入。我们的研究不仅为早鸟停车机制提供了几个重要命题，而且还包括了两组停车者的最优停车定价和时间表差距的最优解。该工作有望促进早鸟停车的发展，以缓解早上通勤交通拥堵，并推动调度协调的相关研究，以规范早高峰时段的停车选择行为。适当调整ERP和RP之间的停车定价差距，可以增加增量停车收入。我们的研究不仅为早鸟停车机制提供了几个重要命题，而且还包括了两组停车者的最优停车定价和时间表差距的最优解。该工作有望促进早鸟停车的发展，以缓解早上通勤交通拥堵，并推动调度协调的相关研究，以规范早高峰时段的停车选择行为。适当调整ERP和RP之间的停车定价差距，可以增加增量停车收入。我们的研究不仅为早鸟停车机制提供了几个重要命题，而且还包括了两组停车者的最优停车定价和时间表差距的最优解。该工作有望促进早鸟停车的发展，以缓解早上通勤交通拥堵，并推动调度协调的相关研究，以规范早高峰时段的停车选择行为。