School bullying and cyberbullying represent the most common forms of victimization during childhood and adolescence in many countries across the globe. Although they can be studied as distinct phenomena with their own defining characteristics, there is evidence to suggest that they are related and often co-occur. The present research aimed to estimate the rates of school bullying and cyberbullying, studied their evolution by age, and analyzed any possible overlap between the two. An empirical study was carried out with a large sample of children and adolescents in Galicia, Spain (N = 2083), where 10–17 year olds were presented with The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire. School bullying was found to be more prevalent than cyberbullying, with 25.1% involved as victims and 14.3% as bully-victims, while the cyberbullying rates were 9.4% for victims and 5.8% for bully-victims. Perpetration rates were similar for school and cyberbullying (4.4% and 4.3% respectively). The overlap between both phenomena adds to the evidence for a whole-community approach to tackling all types of bullying and victimization experiences, as opposed to each in silo. The clear age differences in bullying behaviours also suggest the appropriateness of tailoring anti-bullying programs to target specific age groups.

中文翻译：

---

欺凌、网络欺凌和重叠：年龄与它有什么关系？

校园欺凌和网络欺凌是全球许多国家儿童和青少年时期最常见的受害形式。尽管它们可以作为具有自己定义特征的不同现象来研究，但有证据表明它们是相关的并且经常同时发生。本研究旨在估计学校欺凌和网络欺凌的发生率，研究它们按年龄的演变，并分析两者之间任何可能的重叠。对西班牙加利西亚 (N = 2083) 的大量儿童和青少年样本进行了一项实证研究，其中向 10-17 岁的青少年提供了欧洲欺凌干预项目问卷和欧洲网络欺凌干预项目问卷。发现校园欺凌比网络欺凌更为普遍，有 25 个。1% 的受害者和 14.3% 的欺凌受害者，而网络欺凌率为 9.4%，受害者为 5.8%。校园欺凌和网络欺凌的犯罪率相似（分别为 4.4% 和 4.3%）。这两种现象之间的重叠为整个社区的方法来解决所有类型的欺凌和受害经历提供了证据，而不是各自为政。欺凌行为的明显年龄差异也表明针对特定年龄组制定反欺凌计划的适当性。这两种现象之间的重叠为整个社区的方法来解决所有类型的欺凌和受害经历提供了证据，而不是各自为政。欺凌行为的明显年龄差异也表明针对特定年龄组制定反欺凌计划的适当性。这两种现象之间的重叠为整个社区的方法来解决所有类型的欺凌和受害经历提供了证据，而不是各自为政。欺凌行为的明显年龄差异也表明针对特定年龄组制定反欺凌计划的适当性。