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An empirical study of actions on custodianship in Hungary
International Journal of Law and Psychiatry ( IF 2.479 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2021.101719
Valéria Kiss 1 , Anett Maléth 2 , Balázs Tőkey 3 , István Hoffman 4
Affiliation  

Our research on the operation of legal institutions related to the restriction of the legal capacity of adults (custodianship and supported decision-making) started in December 2019. Our present analysis of case law on custodianship and supported decision-making is based on cases published in the Collection of Court Decisions. The adoption of the new Hungarian Civil Code has clearly had a significant effect on the court decisions, as it made it compulsory to designate the categories of decisions to which a partial restriction on legal capacity applies. However, the change in regulation also implies a change of attitude that is considerably less apparent in the cases. In the context of international human rights expectations, any limitation of legal capacity should be applied as circumspectly as possible, and only in the most necessary cases. In the examined cases, the efforts of the Curia (the Hungarian Supreme Court) to reinforce this change of attitude in court practice may be detected but they are not extensive. At the same time, the spirit of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is not clearly reflected in court practice, and supported decision-making is not seen by courts as a real alternative to custodianship. Regarding the processes of the analyzed disputes, we found that the procedures in the published cases are relatively short, the higher courts in most cases upholding the decision of the lower courts, and that there is no legal or critical evaluation of any expert opinion. In a number of cases, the dominant function of custodianship is not the protection but the restriction of the rights of the given person and - against its declared goal - it serves to protect the interest of others. For example, property issues and the protection of the financial interests of family members are given priority in the published cases. In addition, there were several cases in which the authorities themselves sought to be ‘protected’ by limiting the capacity of the person to initiate official and judicial proceedings.



中文翻译:

匈牙利监护权行动的实证研究

我们于 2019 年 12 月开始研究与限制成年人法律行为能力(监护和辅助决策)相关的法律机构的运作。我们目前对监护和辅助决策的判例法的分析是基于发表在法院判决集。新《匈牙利民法典》的通过显然对法院判决产生了重大影响,因为它强制指定适用于部分法律行为能力限制的判决类别。然而,监管的变化也意味着态度的变化,这种变化在案件中并不明显。在国际人权期望的背景下,任何对法律行为能力的限制都应尽可能谨慎地适用,并且仅在最必要的情况下适用。在审查的案件中,可以发现 Curia(匈牙利最高法院)在法庭实践中加强这种态度转变的努力,但这些努力并不广泛。同时,《联合国残疾人权利公约》(CRPD)的精神在法院实践中并未得到明确体现,法院并未将辅助决策视为监护权的真正替代方案。从分析的争议过程来看,我们发现已公开的案件程序相对较短,上级法院在大多数情况下维持了下级法院的决定,对专家意见没有进行法律或批判性评估。在许多情况下,监护权的主要功能不是保护而是限制特定人的权利,并且——违背其宣称的目标——保护他人的利益。例如,在公开的案件中,财产问题和家庭成员经济利益的保护是优先考虑的。此外,在一些案例中,当局本身试图通过限制个人启动官方和司法程序的能力来“保护”。

更新日期:2021-07-30
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