The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic illustrated the inability of the market to meet the needed production scale and speed of essential medical products. The state should adopt a risk-based approach, allowing for experimentation with various technological solutions such as vaccines and tests, while ramping up their production. The intervention should resolve uncertainty, combine resources, coordinate technological choices, lift barriers to entry, ensure knowledge sharing, and support the value chain. The cost of this strategy is dwarfed by the economic fallout of a pandemic. Universal testing, an overlooked solution, is a key component of an infrastructure against future pandemics.

中文翻译：

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应对流行病的产业政策

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行表明市场无法满足基本医疗产品所需的生产规模和速度。国家应采取基于风险的方法，允许试验各种技术解决方案，如疫苗和测试，同时提高其产量。干预应解决不确定性、整合资源、协调技术选择、取消进入壁垒、确保知识共享并支持价值链。与大流行的经济影响相比，该策略的成本相形见绌。通用测试是一种被忽视的解决方案，是应对未来流行病的基础设施的关键组成部分。