ABSTRACT

Estimation of antibiotic residues in environmental matrices; veterinary products; food and biological samples has become very important in order to protect the human health and limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance. To achieve this, sensitive and efficient sample preparation procedures for the extraction of antibiotics from complex matrices are essential. Reproducible and effective sample preparation processes together with sensitive analytical techniques directly impact the final accuracy of the data and further interpretation. Exhaustive solvent-based extraction techniques such as liquid–liquid extraction have several limitations and suffer from a negative impact on environment. Past two decades have witnessed paradigm shift from solvent based to sorbent-based techniques in the extraction of contaminants. Innovative non-exhaustive techniques such as solid-phase microextraction and magnetic solid-phase extraction using advanced (nano)materials (e.g. molecularly imprinted polymer) have brought radical changes to the way traditional sample extraction was carried out. As the advanced techniques are specific to a target antibiotic or to its class, design consideration for the in-house synthesis of novel (nano)materials and optimization of the extraction technique is a crucial step in the quantification of antibiotic contaminants. The aim of this review is to assess the critical design parameters to be considered to synthesize novel sorbent materials for the extraction of antibiotics and to improve their extraction techniques.

摘要

估计环境基质中的抗生素残留；兽药产品；为了保护人类健康和限制抗菌素耐药性的传播，食品和生物样品变得非常重要。为实现这一目标，从复杂基质中提取抗生素的灵敏且高效的样品制备程序必不可少。可重现和有效的样品制备过程以及敏感的分析技术直接影响数据的最终准确性和进一步的解释。详尽的基于溶剂的提取技术（例如液-液提取）具有一些局限性，并且会对环境产生负面影响。过去二十年见证了污染物提取技术从基于溶剂到基于吸附剂的技术范式转变。创新的非穷举技术，例如固相微萃取和使用先进（纳米）材料（例如分子印迹聚合物）的磁性固相萃取，已经彻底改变了传统样品提取的方式。由于先进技术特定于目标抗生素或其类别，因此对新型（纳米）材料的内部合成和提取技术优化的设计考虑是抗生素污染物量化的关键步骤。本综述的目的是评估在合成用于提取抗生素的新型吸附剂材料和改进其提取技术时需要考虑的关键设计参数。分子印迹聚合物）给传统的样品提取方式带来了根本性的变化。由于先进技术特定于目标抗生素或其类别，因此对新型（纳米）材料的内部合成和提取技术优化的设计考虑是抗生素污染物量化的关键步骤。本综述的目的是评估在合成用于提取抗生素的新型吸附剂材料和改进其提取技术时需要考虑的关键设计参数。分子印迹聚合物）给传统的样品提取方式带来了根本性的变化。由于先进技术特定于目标抗生素或其类别，因此对新型（纳米）材料的内部合成和提取技术优化的设计考虑是抗生素污染物量化的关键步骤。本综述的目的是评估在合成用于提取抗生素的新型吸附剂材料和改进其提取技术时需要考虑的关键设计参数。对新型（纳米）材料的内部合成和提取技术的优化进行设计考虑是量化抗生素污染物的关键步骤。本综述的目的是评估在合成用于提取抗生素的新型吸附剂材料和改进其提取技术时需要考虑的关键设计参数。对新型（纳米）材料的内部合成和提取技术的优化进行设计考虑是量化抗生素污染物的关键步骤。本综述的目的是评估在合成用于提取抗生素的新型吸附剂材料和改进其提取技术时需要考虑的关键设计参数。