This article explores and compares the views of two traditionally educated Muslim scholars, namely Taha Jabir al-Alwani (d 2016) and Hussein Ali Montazeri (d 2009), about the classical rulings on apostasy in Islam. The article argues that both al-Alwani, a Sunni scholar educated at al-Azhar, and Montazeri, a graduate of the Shiʿi seminary in Qom, defend freedom of religion in the sense of converting from Islam to another religion—an idea that stands in sharp opposition to the classical rulings on apostasy in Islamic sources which prescribe capital punishment for such an act. As the article demonstrates, these scholars’ views, despite certain differences in their method of argumentation, advance the development of new ideas about religious freedom in Islamic scholarship, especially among traditional circles.

中文翻译：

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对叛教的惩罚：两位受过传统训练的穆斯林学者支持废除叛教的论点

本文探讨并比较了两位受过传统教育的穆斯林学者 Taha Jabir al-Alwani (d 2016) 和 Hussein Ali Montazeri (d 2009) 对伊斯兰教叛教的经典裁决的看法。文章认为，在爱资哈尔接受教育的逊尼派学者 al-Alwani 和毕业于库姆什叶派神学院的蒙塔泽里都捍卫了从伊斯兰教皈依另一种宗教意义上的宗教自由——这一观点在强烈反对伊斯兰文献中关于叛教的经典裁决，该裁决规定对这种行为判处死刑。正如文章所展示的，这些学者的观点，尽管在他们的论证方法上存在一定的差异，但推动了伊斯兰学术，尤其是传统圈子中关于宗教自由的新思想的发展。