Poland, going through three partitions and two wars, has suffered enormous losses across many dimensions. Polish forests have been damaged or destroyed by direct or indirect results of those tragic events and at the same time, timber and non-timber forest products played an important role in rebuilding the nation. This article illustrates the scale of the losses and the economic importance of Polish forests between 1918 and 1945. Actions of three partitioning states (Russia, Prussia and Austria) left the newly liberated Poland with damaged and destroyed forests. For example, during the Second World War, Germany protected its forests by shifting the entire burden of war supplies (that is, wood, game, resin and tanning bark) onto the forests of the occupied countries, including Poland. Despite being left in a bad condition, Polish forests were able to provide wood and non-wood products necessary for the reconstruction of the country and helped to jumpstart some of the sectors of the national economy. This article provides a review of the literature on twentieth century Polish forestry, with a specific focus on its changing economic importance, government perception and policy and the role of forestry to Polish economic, political and cultural life.

波兰经历了三次分裂和两次战争，在很多方面都遭受了巨大的损失。波兰森林因这些悲惨事件的直接或间接后果而遭到破坏或破坏，同时木材和非木材林产品在国家重建中发挥了重要作用。本文说明了 1918 年至 1945 年间波兰森林的损失规模和经济重要性。三个瓜分国家（俄罗斯、普鲁士和奥地利）的行动使新解放的波兰森林遭到破坏和破坏。例如，在第二次世界大战期间，德国通过将战争物资（即木材、野味、树脂和鞣制树皮）的全部负担转移到包括波兰在内的被占领国的森林来保护其森林。尽管身体状况不佳，波兰的森林能够提供重建国家所需的木材和非木材产品，并帮助启动了国民经济的一些部门。本文回顾了 20 世纪波兰林业的文献，特别关注其不断变化的经济重要性、政府观念和政策以及林业在波兰经济、政治和文化生活中的作用。