The impairment of nephrogenesis can cause the termination of nephron formation in preterm and low birth weight babies. This leads to oligonephropathy with severe health consequences in later life. Although many clinical parameters are known, surprisingly little information is available regarding the initial damage on the developing nephron. Equally astounding, the first morphological data regarding the specifics of nephron formation in the nephrogenic zone of the fetal human kidney during late gestation has only been published within the past few years. In this context, it was observed that each stage of nephron anlage is surrounded by a specific set of tissues. Although highly relevant for the normal progress of nephron formation, the mutual patterning has not been systematically described. To contribute, the different stages of nephron anlage in the nephrogenic zone of the fetal human kidney during late gestation were screened by the optical microscope and documented by images. Following this, magnifications (28 × 18 cm) were produced to trace the contours of the developing nephron and its covering tissues. The resulting sketches, almost true to scale, were scanned, edited, and processed by a design program. As a base, first the individual position, size, and shape of the nephrogenic niche, pretubular aggregate, renal vesicles, comma- and S-shaped bodies are presented. Secondly, their structural relations to the renal capsule, collecting duct ampulla, perforating radiate artery, and expanding interstitium are shown. Third of all, the focus is on less considered configurations, such as site-specific approximation, local distancing, punctual adhesion, integration, separation, delamination, formation of congruent and divergent surfaces, and folding and opening of interstitial clefts. The present contribution illuminates the mutual patterning between the developing nephron and its covering tissues. It is indispensable to know about the microanatomical relations, in order to identify whether the noxae impairing nephrogenesis targets only the developing nephron or also its covering tissues as interacting and controlling instances.

中文翻译：

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发育中的肾单位与其覆盖组织之间的相互模式——重新思考寻找肾发生受损留下的痕迹的正当理由

肾发生障碍可导致早产儿和低出生体重儿的肾单位形成终止。这会导致少肾病，对以后的生活造成严重的健康后果。虽然许多临床参数是已知的，但令人惊讶的是，关于发育中的肾单位的初始损伤的信息很少。同样令人震惊的是，关于妊娠晚期人类胎儿肾脏肾源区肾单位形成细节的第一个形态学数据仅在过去几年中才发表。在这种情况下，观察到肾单位原基的每个阶段都被一组特定的组织包围。虽然与肾单位形成的正常进程高度相关，但尚未系统地描述相互模式。做出贡献，用光学显微镜对妊娠晚期人胎肾肾源区不同阶段的肾单位原基进行筛选和图像记录。在此之后，产生放大倍数（28 × 18 cm）以追踪发育中的肾单位及其覆盖组织的轮廓。生成的草图几乎按比例绘制，由设计程序进行扫描、编辑和处理。作为基础，首先介绍肾源性生态位、管前聚集体、肾囊泡、逗号和 S 形体的个体位置、大小和形状。其次，显示了它们与肾被膜、集合管壶腹、穿支放射动脉和扩张间质的结构关系。第三，重点放在较少考虑的配置上，例如特定地点的近似、局部距离、准点粘附、整合、分离、分层、全等和发散表面的形成以及间隙裂缝的折叠和打开。目前的贡献阐明了发育中的肾单位与其覆盖组织之间的相互模式。了解微观解剖关系是必不可少的，以便确定损害肾发生的 noxae 是否仅针对发育中的肾单位或其覆盖组织作为相互作用和控制实例。