This article examines the efforts of Jewish physicians and social activists to improve the hygiene habits of Warsaw’s Jewish residents. Warsaw was the third largest city of the Russian Empire, a significant Polish national site, and home to the largest Jewish community in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. Efforts to improve the hygiene of the city’s residents were undertaken by Jewish and non-Jewish physicians, social activists, and journalists—but not by the local authorities. Jewish physicians and social activists who were involved in these activities acknowledged that the attempts to improve the hygiene habits of the Jewish masses needed to take the traditional Jewish way of life into account. In addition, they had to operate separately among the city’s Jewish and non-Jewish residents because of the tensions that existed between Poles and Jews. Nevertheless, the methods used by Jewish and Polish physicians and social activists were similar. In Polish society, the goal of improving the residents’ personal hygiene was among the tasks that members of the local intelligentsia took upon themselves. It was also considered a Polish national project. The question of whether the Jewish residents of the city should be included or excluded from this project gained a good deal of public attention among both Poles and Jews in the 1890s.

本文考察了犹太医生和社会活动家为改善华沙犹太居民的卫生习惯所做的努力。华沙是俄罗斯帝国的第三大城市，是重要的波兰国家遗址，也是 19 世纪末欧洲最大的犹太人社区的所在地。改善城市居民卫生的努力是由犹太和非犹太医生、社会活动家和记者承担的，但不是由地方当局承担的。参与这些活动的犹太医生和社会活动家承认，改善犹太群众卫生习惯的努力需要考虑到传统的犹太人生活方式。此外，由于波兰人和犹太人之间存在紧张关系，他们不得不在该市的犹太居民和非犹太居民之间分别运作。尽管如此，犹太和波兰医生和社会活动家使用的方法是相似的。在波兰社会，改善居民个人卫生的目标是当地知识分子承担的任务之一。它也被认为是波兰的国家项目。1890 年代，该城市的犹太居民是否应该被纳入或排除在该项目中的问题在波兰人和犹太人中引起了广泛的关注。改善居民个人卫生的目标是当地知识分子承担的任务之一。它也被认为是波兰的国家项目。1890 年代，该城市的犹太居民是否应该被纳入或排除在该项目中的问题在波兰人和犹太人中引起了广泛的关注。改善居民个人卫生的目标是当地知识分子承担的任务之一。它也被认为是波兰的国家项目。1890 年代，该城市的犹太居民是否应该被纳入或排除在该项目中的问题在波兰人和犹太人中引起了广泛的关注。