Despite empirical and epidemiological research indicating that risk taking propensity increases across adolescence, it is unknown whether this is true for positive risk taking. Additionally, adolescents’ decisions are heavily influenced by their social environment, but it is unclear to what extent social influences are associated with positive risk taking. The present study compared age patterns between self-reported positive and negative (health and antisocial) risk taking. Self-reported peers’ risk taking, risk perception and perceived social support were also examined as correlates of positive and negative risk taking. 338 adolescents and young adults (217 females) ages 12–25 years (M = 18.99; SD = 3.37) took part in the study. Positive risk taking was slightly higher among young adults than early adolescents, whereas the reverse pattern was found for antisocial risk taking. Health risk taking took the form of an inverted-U, peaking in young adulthood. In adolescents, positive risk taking was associated with peers’ positive risk taking and lower perceived support from family. Negative risk taking was associated with peers’ negative risk taking, higher risk perception and lower perceived support from family. Results suggest subtle age differences in positive risk taking among adolescents and early adults and indicate that adolescents’ engagement in positive risk taking is associated with peers’ behavior.

中文翻译：

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青春期的积极和消极冒险：年龄模式和与社会环境的关系

尽管经验和流行病学研究表明冒险倾向在整个青春期都会增加，但对于积极的冒险行为是否正确尚不清楚。此外，青少年的决定很大程度上受其社会环境的影响，但尚不清楚社会影响在多大程度上与积极冒险相关。本研究比较了自我报告的积极和消极（健康和反社会）冒险的年龄模式。自我报告的同伴的风险承担、风险感知和感知的社会支持也被视为积极和消极风险承担的相关因素。338 名青少年（217 名女性）年龄在 12-25 岁（M  = 18.99；SD = 3.37) 参加了研究。年轻人的积极冒险行为略高于早期青少年，而反社会冒险行为则相反。健康冒险采取倒U型的形式，在青年时期达到顶峰。在青少年中，积极冒险与同伴的积极冒险和较低的家庭支持有关。负风险承担与同伴的负风险承担、较高的风险感知和较低的家庭支持相关。结果表明，青少年和早期成年人在积极冒险方面存在细微的年龄差异，并表明青少年参与积极冒险与同龄人的行为有关。