This paper examines the role of participation, co-production and community management in a random sample of 50 rural and urban water systems under the Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASEP) in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It looks at the role of an NGO (the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat) in co-production, and how this model of community-based water management (CBWM) contributes to the discussion in the literature. Specifically, the paper considers whether the largely rural WASEP model can be successfully scaled up and scaled out to urban centres, drawing on evidence from a survey of over 2,500 rural and urban households. The findings illustrate the importance of participation in the successful delivery of water systems. However, higher levels of rural participation are related to specifically rural features, including the smaller size and more limited diversity of communities. The paper concludes that new methods may be required for the transfer of CBWM to urban centres with much larger, more diverse and growing populations.

本文在巴基斯坦吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的水和卫生推广计划 (WASEP) 下，对 50 个农村和城市供水系统的随机抽样调查了参与、共同生产和社区管理的作用。它着眼于非政府组织（阿迦汗栖息地机构）在联合生产中的作用，以及这种基于社区的水资源管理 (CBWM) 模式如何为文献中的讨论做出贡献。具体而言，本文根据对 2,500 多个农村和城市家庭的调查的证据，考虑了主要是农村的 WASEP 模型是否可以成功地扩大规模并扩大到城市中心。调查结果说明了参与成功交付供水系统的重要性。然而，较高的农村参与水平与具体的农村特征有关，包括更小的社区和更有限的社区多样性。该论文得出的结论是，可能需要新方法将 CBWM 转移到人口更多、更多样化和不断增长的城市中心。