ABSTRACT

Neutron tomographic reconstructions, macrophotography, transmitted light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are employed to assess the quality of organic preservation, determine organ associations, identify insect damage, and document fungal interactions with selected Santonian–lower Campanian plant fossils from the northern Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden. Fricia nathorstii (Conwentz) comb. nov., is proposed for a composite fossil comprising an anatomically preserved (permineralized) cupressacean conifer cone and its subtending, concealed, leafy axis (preserved as a mould) in the Ryedal Sandstone. Several other impressions of conifer and angiosperm leaf-bearing axes and isolated leaves are described under open nomenclature. Three cuticle types are described from the non-marine plant-bearing beds in the basal part of the succession exposed at Åsen, but these are only assigned to informal morphotypes pending a comprehensive review of the extensive fossil cuticle flora. Two species of ascomycote epiphyllous fungi from Åsen are established: Stomiopeltites ivoeensis sp. nov. (Micropeltidales) and Meliolinites scanicus sp. nov. (Meliolales). The latter provides an important calibration point for dating the divergence of Meliolales, being the first pre-Cenozoic representative of the order. Various additional fungal remains, including thyriothecia, scolecospores, chlamydospores, putative germlings, and hyphae, are described from the cuticular surfaces of conifer and angiosperm leaves from Åsen. Insect herbivory is expressed in the form of both margin-feeding and piercing-and-sucking damage on angiosperm leaves. The Santonian–early Campanian vegetation is inferred to have grown in strongly humid, mid-latitude, coastal plain settings based on the depositional context of the assemblages, leaf morphology, and the pervasive distribution of epiphyllous fungi.

摘要

中子断层扫描重建、宏观摄影、透射光显微镜和荧光显微镜用于评估有机保存的质量、确定器官关联、识别昆虫损害，并记录真菌与来自瑞典南部克里斯蒂安斯塔德盆地北部的选定桑托阶 - 下坎帕阶植物化石的相互作用. 藜麦(Conwentz) 梳子。11 月，提出了一种复合化石，包括在 Ryedal 砂岩中解剖学上保存（透矿化）的柏科针叶树锥及其对着的、隐藏的、多叶的轴（保存为模具）。在开放命名法下描述了针叶树和被子植物的带叶轴和孤立叶的其他几种印象。在 Åsen 暴露的演替基础部分的非海洋植物床中描述了三种角质层类型，但这些仅被分配到非正式的形态类型，有待对广泛的化石角质层菌群进行全面审查。建立了来自 Åsen 的两种子囊菌叶生真菌：Stomiopeltites ivoeensis sp。十一月 (Micropeltidales) 和Meliolinites scanicussp. 十一月 （梅利奥拉莱斯）。后者为确定 Meliolales 的分化年代提供了一个重要的校准点，Meliolales 是该目的第一个新生代前代表。来自 Åsen 的针叶树和被子植物叶子的表皮表面描述了各种额外的真菌遗骸，包括甲状腺囊壳、球孢子菌、厚壁孢子、假定的胚芽和菌丝。昆虫食草性以对被子植物叶片的边缘取食和刺吸损伤的形式表达。根据组合的沉积背景、叶片形态和叶生真菌的普遍分布，推断桑托阶 - 早期坎帕阶植被生长在高度潮湿的中纬度沿海平原环境中。