Abstract

This systematic review of cross-disciplinary peer-reviewed quantitative research into pharmaceutical marketing ethical issues from 1990 to 2021 reveals a focus on direct-to-consumer advertising and physician-directed promotion. This review documents inconsistent findings across studies due to discrepancies and limitations in research designs, study populations, sampling procedures, and analytical approaches as well as discipline-specific biases and normative ethical ideologies. We present a comprehensive taxonomy of ethical issues from the systematic review, additional scholarly and industry publications, and expert interviews. We recommend that future research test causal inferences, use rigorous research designs, explore under-researched topics, resolve conflicting findings, and incorporate ethical theories.

摘要

这篇对 1990 年至 2021 年跨学科同行评审的药品营销伦理问题定量研究的系统评价揭示了对直接面向消费者的广告和医生指导的促销的关注。由于研究设计、研究人群、抽样程序和分析方法以及特定学科的偏见和规范性伦理意识形态的差异和限制，本综述记录了研究之间不一致的结果。我们从系统评价、额外的学术和行业出版物以及专家访谈中对伦理问题进行了全面分类。我们建议未来的研究测试因果推论，使用严格的研究设计，探索研究不足的主题，解决相互矛盾的发现，并纳入伦理理论。