Abstract

Vegetables are an integral part of the human diet worldwide. Traditional breeding approaches have been used extensively to develop new cultivars of vegetables with desirable characteristics, including resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, high yield, and an elevated content of compounds beneficial to human health. The technological progress since the early 1980s has revolutionized our ability to study and manipulate genetic variation in crop plants. The development of high-throughput sequencing platforms and accompanying analytical methods have led to sequencing and assembly of a large number of plant genomes, construction of dense and ultra-dense molecular linkage maps, identification of structural variants, and application of molecular markers in breeding programs. Linkage mapping and genome-wide association mapping studies have been used to identify chromosomal locations of genes and QTLs associated with plant phenotypic variations important for crop improvement. This review provides up-to-date information on the status of genomics and marker-assisted improvement of vegetable crops with the focus on tomato, pepper, eggplant, lettuce, spinach, cucumber, and chicory. For each vegetable crop, we present the most recent information on genetic resources, mapping populations, genetic maps, genome sequences, mapped genes and QTLs, the status of marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, and discuss future research prospects and application of novel techniques and approaches.

摘要

蔬菜是全世界人类饮食不可或缺的一部分。传统育种方法已被广泛用于开发具有理想特性的新蔬菜栽培品种，包括对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性/耐受性、高产以及对人类健康有益的化合物含量升高。自 1980 年代初以来的技术进步彻底改变了我们研究和操纵作物遗传变异的能力。高通量测序平台和相关分析方法的发展导致了大量植物基因组的测序和组装、密集和超密集分子连锁图的构建、结构变异的识别以及分子标记在育种计划中的应用. 连锁作图和全基因组关联作图研究已被用于鉴定与作物改良重要的植物表型变异相关的基因和 QTL 的染色体位置。这篇综述提供了蔬菜作物基因组学和标记辅助改良的最新信息，重点是番茄、胡椒、茄子、生菜、菠菜、黄瓜和菊苣。针对每一种蔬菜作物，我们介绍了遗传资源、作图种群、遗传图谱、基因组序列、作图基因和 QTL、标记辅助选择和基因组选择的最新信息，并讨论了未来的研究前景和新技术的应用和方法。这篇综述提供了蔬菜作物基因组学和标记辅助改良的最新信息，重点是番茄、胡椒、茄子、生菜、菠菜、黄瓜和菊苣。针对每一种蔬菜作物，我们介绍了遗传资源、作图种群、遗传图谱、基因组序列、作图基因和 QTL、标记辅助选择和基因组选择的最新信息，并讨论了未来的研究前景和新技术的应用和方法。这篇综述提供了蔬菜作物基因组学和标记辅助改良的最新信息，重点是番茄、胡椒、茄子、生菜、菠菜、黄瓜和菊苣。针对每一种蔬菜作物，我们介绍了遗传资源、作图种群、遗传图谱、基因组序列、作图基因和 QTL、标记辅助选择和基因组选择的最新信息，并讨论了未来的研究前景和新技术的应用和方法。