The excavation of the Qin wooden documents from Well No. 1 at Liye 里耶, Hunan province has significantly reshaped our knowledge of Qin history. This article examines a multi-slip manuscript from Liye on the Qin management of human resources in a newly conquered area, Qianling County. The manuscript is the best example of the multi-layered structure of a Qin administrative document; it also sheds new light on the difficulties the Qin encountered in resource management during the early years of unification. The manuscript shows that the responsible officials in Qianling County had failed to engage tuli 徒隸 (laborer-servants)—a major labor source in the Qin—in agricultural production, which appears to have deviated from the Qin strategy of managing human resources. To minimize the harmfulness that this deviation might cause, the Qin heavily relied upon a system of supervision and punishment. This article offers a contextualized study of the manuscript with an analysis of the related Qin excavated sources.

中文翻译：

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劳动者分类：从湖南溧野的一份行政文件看秦国的人力资源管理

湖南立业里耶一井秦木文献的出土，极大地重塑了我们对秦史的认识。这篇文章检视了立业写的关于秦人在新征服地区黔灵县人力资源管理的多条手稿。手稿是秦政文书多层次结构的最好例证；这也让我们对秦统一初期在资源管理上遇到的困难有了新的认识。手稿显示，黔陵县负责人未能接洽图里徒隶（劳动-仆人）——秦国的主要劳动力来源——从事农业生产，这似乎偏离了秦国管理人力资源的战略。为了尽量减少这种偏差可能造成的危害，秦国严重依赖监督和惩罚制度。本文对手稿进行了语境化研究，并分析了相关的秦始皇出土资料。