This study proposed victimisation-by-ingroup consciousness as a novel concept, which denotes that intragroup violence or wrongdoings by some group members victimise other members of the same group and may elicit sense of physical, material, cultural and psychological sufferings among the victim members. Applying this concept to the context of religious radicalism, this study revealed that among a sample of Indonesian Muslims (N = 810), the perceptions of physical, material and cultural sufferings positively predicted psychological suffering. This sense of psychological suffering turned out to motivate participants to perceive intragroup violence as illegitimate. This perceived illegitimacy of intragroup violence ultimately facilitated participants to report less emotional, attitudinal and intentional radical tendencies to support terrorists. Finally, we found as expected that Islamic blind patriotism negatively predicted, but constructive Islamic patriotism positively predicted participants’ victimisation-by-ingroup consciousness. These empirical findings broadly suggest that accepting the deficiency of the ingroup may be beneficial for tackling Muslims’ radical tendencies, but this prospect depends on modes of Muslims’ emotional attachment to their own group. We close by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of those empirical findings, as well as limitations and practical implications of this study.

本研究提出了群体受害意识作为一个新概念，它表示某些群体成员的群体内暴力或不法行为使同一群体的其他成员受害，并可能引起受害成员的身体、物质、文化和心理痛苦。将这一概念应用于宗教激进主义的背景下，这项研究表明，在印度尼西亚穆斯林（N= 810)，对身体、物质和文化痛苦的感知积极预测了心理痛苦。事实证明，这种心理痛苦感促使参与者将群体内暴力视为非法。这种被认为是非法的群体内暴力最终促使参与者报告较少的情感、态度和故意的激进倾向来支持恐怖分子。最后，我们发现正如预期的那样，伊斯兰盲目爱国主义消极预测，但建设性伊斯兰爱国主义积极预测参与者的内群体受害意识。这些实证研究结果广泛地表明，接受内群体的不足可能有助于解决穆斯林的激进倾向，但这种前景取决于穆斯林对其自身群体的情感依恋模式。