In 2019, the province of Quebec and the canton of Geneva passed bills establishing their states as “secular.” While each law is, to a certain extent, context specific, both present noteworthy similarities. First, neutrality (the cornerstone of laïcité) is articulated around two elements: (1) restrictions that affect the religious practices of public servants belonging to minority religions and (2) protections for Christian symbols constructed as “cultural.” The article questions the implications for inclusive citizenship of formalizing regulatory regimes that differentiate between “religion” and “culture.” Second, a comparative lens enables an analysis of how, through whom, and why similar regimes of regulation travel from one area of the world to another. The article argues for the importance of considering transnational influences when analyzing the regulation of religion to better (1) understand why particular models of secularism gain traction and (2) capture power dynamics structuring these processes of traction.

中文翻译：

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将世俗主义正式化为一种限制和保护制度：魁北克（加拿大）和日内瓦（瑞士）的案例

2019 年，魁北克省和日内瓦州通过了将他们的州确立为“世俗”的法案。虽然每项法律在一定程度上都针对具体情况，但两者都具有显着的相似性。一、中立（中立的基石）懒惰的) 围绕两个要素进行了阐述：(1) 影响属于少数宗教的公务员的宗教实践的限制，以及 (2) 对构建为“文化”的基督教符号的保护。这篇文章质疑正式区分“宗教”和“文化”的监管制度对包容性公民身份的影响。其次，比较的视角可以分析类似的监管制度如何、通过谁以及为什么从世界一个地区传播到另一个地区。本文主张在分析宗教监管时考虑跨国影响的重要性，以更好地 (1) 理解为什么特定的世俗主义模式获得牵引力，以及 (2) 捕捉构建这些牵引力过程的权力动态。