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Negotiating Contemporary Indigeneity: Cultural Aesthetic and Communicative Practices among Contemporary! Xun and Khwe San Youth of Platfontein, South Africa
Current Writing: Text and Reception in Southern Africa Pub Date : 2021-10-06 , DOI: 10.1080/1013929x.2021.1970312
Itunu Ayodeji Bodunrin

The San or Bushmen of South Africa have been represented in popular literature and media as hunter-gatherer primitives who live nomadic lives and whose history predates that of all later immigrants to the country. While the ubiquitous representation and myth provide incentives in the form of cultural/ecotourism and engenders much international interest, it has rarely translated into any form of sustainable socioeconomic benefit for the impoverished Bushmen. Rather, it obfuscates accounts of modern acculturation, hinders the process of self-determination and contributes to a systemic socio-political and economic exclusion, repression, and marginalisation of contemporary San in South Africa. The San youth who seem to have suffered the most as a result of this essentialised representation are appropriating modern popular cultures (such as hip-hop) to project self-identity, counter-narratives, and position themselves as a modernised people. Using ethnographic methods of participant observation and informal interviews from 2014 to 2018, this article examines the complex, multi-layered composition of contemporary!Xun and Khwe San identity, which places the youth at the nexus of competing expectations thrown up by imperatives of social change, global influence, dominant social paradigms, poverty, joblessness, and indigeneity. The analysis of their identities in the late-modern South Africa, provokes the question whether contemporary Indigenous people are “indigenizing modernity or modernizing indigeneity.”



中文翻译:

协商当代本土性:当代文化美学与交流实践!南非普拉方丹的 Xun and Khwe San Youth

南非的桑人或布须曼人在流行文学和媒体中被描述为以狩猎采集为生的原始人,他们过着游牧生活,其历史早于所有后来移民到该国的历史。虽然无处不在的代表和神话以文化/生态旅游的形式提供了激励,并引起了很多国际兴趣,但它很少为贫困的布须曼人带来任何形式的可持续社会经济效益。相反,它混淆了对现代文化适应的描述,阻碍了自决进程,并导致了对南非当代桑人的系统性社会政治和经济排斥、镇压和边缘化。由于这种本质化的表现,似乎受害最深的桑族青年正在挪用现代流行文化(如嘻哈)来投射自我认同、反叙事,并将自己定位为一个现代化的人。使用 2014 年至 2018 年的参与观察和非正式访谈的民族志方法,本文考察了当代!Xun 和 Khwe San 身份的复杂、多层次构成,将青年置于社会变革迫在眉睫的竞争期望的纽带、全球影响力、主导社会范式、贫困、失业和土著。对他们在后现代南非的身份的分析,引发了一个问题,即当代土著人民是“使现代性本土化还是使本土性现代化”。反叙事,并将自己定位为现代化的人。使用 2014 年至 2018 年的参与观察和非正式访谈的民族志方法,本文考察了当代!Xun 和 Khwe San 身份的复杂、多层次构成,将青年置于社会变革迫在眉睫的竞争期望的纽带、全球影响力、主导社会范式、贫困、失业和土著。对他们在后现代南非的身份的分析,引发了一个问题,即当代土著人民是“使现代性本土化还是使本土性现代化”。反叙事,并将自己定位为现代化的人。使用 2014 年至 2018 年的参与观察和非正式访谈的民族志方法,本文考察了当代!Xun 和 Khwe San 身份的复杂、多层次构成,将青年置于社会变革迫在眉睫的竞争期望的纽带、全球影响力、主导社会范式、贫困、失业和土著。对他们在后现代南非的身份的分析,引发了一个问题,即当代土著人民是“使现代性本土化还是使本土性现代化”。当代的多层次组合!Xun 和 Khwe San 身份,将青年置于社会变革势在必行、全球影响力、主导社会范式、贫困、失业和原住民所引发的相互竞争的期望之间。对他们在后现代南非的身份的分析,引发了一个问题,即当代土著人民是“使现代性本土化还是使本土性现代化”。当代!Xun 和 Khwe San 身份的多层次构成,将青年置于社会变革势在必行、全球影响力、主导社会范式、贫困、失业和原住民所引发的相互竞争的期望的纽带。对他们在后现代南非的身份的分析,引发了一个问题,即当代土著人民是“使现代性本土化还是使本土性现代化”。

更新日期:2021-10-06
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