Wastes emanating from cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) processing in African countries significantly contribute to environmental pollution, besides, such toxic wastes contribute to greenhouse gas emission. Although cassava peel has been successfully used as a raw material in mushroom cultivation, feedstock for livestock, biogas production but the bio-transformed products recovered from the anaerobic digestion of cassava wastes, especially the peels have often been overlooked. Therefore, this research aimed at quantifying the secondary metabolites in the slurry recovered from ethanol and hot water extraction of cassava peel subjected to biogas production, in vitro, for anti-apoptotic properties. Fresh cassava peels were allowed to ferment anaerobically to produce three states of matter; gas, solid, and liquid/slurry. The slurry was extracted using 95 % ethanol and 100 oC hot water to obtain crude extracts, which were then subjected to anti-apoptotic screening using the mitochondrial swelling assay. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts was done using standard methods. Further characterization of the crude extracts was done by FTIR for the chemical elucidation of the functional groups present. The qualitative phytoconstituents revealed that the slurry extracts are naturally enriched with alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and saponins. The infrared spectrum of the crude extracts revealed the presence of hydroxyl, alkane, carboxyl groups in the ethanol extract, and hydroxyl, alkene, amide, carbonyl groups in the hot water extract. In the presence and absence of exogenous Ca2+, both extracts of the slurry induced liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening albeit at low amplitude swelling as the mean absorbance was less than one (at 540 nm). Based on these results obtained, the crude extracts of cassava peel biogas slurry have been proven to possess bioactive compounds that could induce liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, in vitro.

中文翻译：

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厌氧降解后木薯 (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) 沼液的木薯皮乙醇和热水提取物的植物化学物质和体外抗凋亡特性

非洲国家木薯 (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) 加工过程中产生的废物会严重污染环境，此外，此类有毒废物还会导致温室气体排放。虽然木薯皮已成功用作蘑菇种植的原料、牲畜的原料、沼气生产，但从木薯废物的厌氧消化中回收的生物转化产品，尤其是果皮经常被忽视。因此，本研究旨在量化从乙醇和热水提取的木薯皮中提取的浆液中的次级代谢物，该浆液在体外进行沼气生产，具有抗凋亡特性。让新鲜的木薯皮厌氧发酵以产生三种物质状态：气体、固体和液体/浆液。浆液用 95% 乙醇和 100 oC 热水提取得到粗提物，然后使用线粒体溶胀试验对其进行抗凋亡筛选。使用标准方法对粗提取物进行定性植物化学分析。通过 FTIR 对粗提物进行进一步表征，以对存在的官能团进行化学分析。定性植物成分表明，浆液提取物天然富含生物碱、类固醇、黄酮类化合物和皂苷。粗提物的红外光谱表明乙醇提取物中存在羟基、烷烃、羧基，热水提取物中存在羟基、烯烃、酰胺、羰基。在存在和不存在外源性 Ca2+ 的情况下，尽管平均吸光度小于 1（540 nm），但浆液的两种提取物均诱导肝线粒体通透性转变孔开放，尽管在低幅度膨胀。基于获得的这些结果，木薯皮沼气浆的粗提物已被证明具有生物活性化合物，可在体外诱导肝线粒体通透性转换孔开放。