Abstract

Novelty is the primary requirement and breeding target for plant breeding, which can make a significant contribution to the new cultivar. The key factor for successful breeding is the genetic variation in the progeny, which depends on the degree of genetic material mixing after meiosis. However, meiotic recombination is tightly astricting in plants, resulting in a limited number of crossovers (COs). Recently, several anti-CO factors have been identified that limiting the meiotic recombination in plants, and the knock-out mutants displayed a significant increase in recombination frequency. This provides a universal tool to manipulate the meiotic recombination in plants by applying anti-CO genes, which will facilitate the breeding procedure. Due to the rapid development of genome sequencing and gene editing technologies, the genomes of more and more plants have been sequenced. In the meanwhile, the efficient CRISPR-Cas9 system has also been established in plants. Thus, it’s time to break the shackles of meiotic recombination to create novel cultivars in the biological era of genomics. Here we summarize the functional studies of the main meiotic recombination suppressors in plants, with the discussion of the possibility to apply the anti-CO genes in plant breeding as an emerging tool, especially for ornamental plant breeding.

摘要

新颖性是植物育种的首要要求和育种目标，能够为新品种的培育做出重大贡献。成功育种的关键因素是后代的遗传变异，这取决于减数分裂后遗传物质的混合程度。然而，减数分裂重组在植物中受到严格限制，导致交叉 (CO) 数量有限。最近，已经确定了几种限制植物减数分裂重组的抗 CO 因子，并且敲除突变体显示出重组频率的显着增加。这提供了通过应用抗 CO 基因来操纵植物减数分裂重组的通用工具，这将促进育种过程。由于基因组测序和基因编辑技术的快速发展，越来越多的植物基因组已被测序。同时，高效的CRISPR-Cas9系统也在植物中建立起来。因此，是时候打破减数分裂重组的束缚，在基因组学的生物时代创造新的栽培品种了。在这里，我们总结了植物中主要减数分裂重组抑制因子的功能研究，并讨论了将抗 CO 基因作为新兴工具应用于植物育种，尤其是观赏植物育种的可能性。