This study integrates life-course theory and mobility research to explore livability factors that attract migrants in different age groups between rural and urban counties in the United States. Place livability is measured by economy, housing market, natural amenity, neighborhood, civic and social engagement, and health. Migrants are grouped into young, middle-aged, and older adults. Results of Structural Equation Modeling show that, as people age, the attractiveness of place shifts from a focus on the economy and housing market to the neighborhood and engagement. Rural communities, which rank the highest on engagement, attract working aged and older migrants. Natural amenities and lower housing costs also attract migrants moving to rural counties. This study suggests that the natural environment and social environment could make up for the lack of accessible physical design in rural communities. Affordable housing and an inclusive community are key to retaining and increasing the population in rural communities.

本研究将生命历程理论与流动性研究相结合，探讨美国城乡县之间吸引不同年龄组移民的宜居性因素。地方宜居性通过经济、住房市场、自然舒适度、邻里、公民和社会参与以及健康来衡量。移民分为青年、中年和老年人。结构方程模型的结果表明，随着人们年龄的增长，地方的吸引力从关注经济和住房市场转向邻里和参与。参与度最高的农村社区吸引了工作中的老年人和老年人。自然便利和较低的住房成本也吸引了农民工迁往农村县。这项研究表明，自然环境和社会环境可以弥补农村社区无障碍物理设计的不足。经济适用房和包容性社区是留住和增加农村社区人口的关键。