Inferences in bioarchaeology and forensic contexts require mathematical stature estimation using long bone lengths. This study aimed to identify predictors of femur length (FL) from epiphyseal and diaphyseal width measurements that are not bound to assumptions of sex or laterality. To compute linear regression models, both standard and new measurements around the diaphyseal dominant nutrient foramina (NF) were collected on modern femora (n = 64) from the unidentified skeletal collection housed at Alexandria University. Four equations were then validated on an ancient Egyptian sample (n = 73) from the Goldman Osteometric Data Set to evaluate the effect of sex subdivision on the accuracy of FL and indirect stature estimations using Raxter's formulas. Most of models reflected significant positive association (r > 0.60) between width variables and FL. Oddly, the distance from the proximal end to the NF correlated weakly with FL (r = 0.34). The stepwise selected equations preferred measurements around NF to midshaft, with the anteroposterior diameter included in the proximal fragment model (r = 0.77), and circumference in diaphyseal fragment model (r = 0.62). Tested equations performed consistently on the ancient Egyptian sample. Measurements from the femoral proximal fragment are more reliable predictors than those from the distal fragment, with the exception of femur neck diameter. However, distal epicondylar breadth is a better predictor of FL in females than in males. Indirect stature estimation showed a reasonable degree of accuracy in both sexes. These models can be applied successfully in contemporary and ancient Egyptian fragmentary remains; however, due to larger size of femora from the Old Kingdom sample, they would be most applicable to individuals from later dynasties.

中文翻译：

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在当代埃及样本中使用骨骺和骨干直径重建股骨长度，并应用于古埃及人。

生物考古学和法医背景中的推论需要使用长骨长度进行数学身高估计。本研究旨在从不受性别或偏侧假设约束的骨骺和骨干宽度测量中确定股骨长度 (FL) 的预测因子。为了计算线性回归模型，在现代股骨 (n = 64) 上从位于亚历山大大学 (Alexandria University) 的不明骨骼集合中收集了围绕骨干主要营养孔 (NF) 的标准和新测量值。然后在 Goldman 骨计量数据集中的古埃及样本 (n = 73) 上验证了四个方程，以评估性别细分对使用 Raxter 公式的 FL 和间接身高估计准确性的影响。大多数模型反映了显着的正相关（r > 0. 60) 在宽度变量和 FL 之间。奇怪的是，从近端到 NF 的距离与 FL 的相关性较弱（r = 0.34）。逐步选择的方程优先测量 NF 到中轴，近端片段模型中包括前后径（r = 0.77），骨干片段模型中包括周长（r = 0.62）。测试方程在古埃及样本上表现一致。除了股骨颈直径外，股骨近端碎片的测量值比远端碎片的测量值更可靠。然而，远端上髁宽度是女性比男性更好的 FL 预测指标。间接身高估计在两性中显示出合理的准确度。这些模型可以成功地应用于当代和古埃及的残骸；然而，