The aerial parts of Baccharis trimera (Less.) are frequently used as a tea to treat several diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the constituents of an aqueous extract of B. trimera, focusing on their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and antinociception activities and properties. For that, the researchers performed in vivo assays using the formalin test and Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) to measure the acute and chronic inflammatory pain in mice. Moreover, the myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) was analyzed in the subcutaneous tissue after the FCA injection, together with the counting of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the mice. The qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids and saponins in the B. trimera aqueous extract. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses showed the presence of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, as well as flavonoids, such as rutin, quercetin, and luteolin. The DPPH assay was used in order to measure the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of B. trimera and this showed an IC50 of 118.18 ± 1.02 μg/mg. The data from the formalin test demonstrated that a single dose of the aqueous extract of B. trimera was not able to decrease the nociceptive behavior during the neurogenic phase, at any of the tested doses (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg p.o.). However, during the inflammatory phase of this test, the aqueous extract of B. trimera at 80 mg/kg (p.o.) significantly decreased the nociceptive behavior, showing more effectiveness when compared to the other tested doses (p < 0.05). Importantly, in the chronic inflammatory model on the 5th day of treatment, the aqueous extract of B. trimera (80 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced mechanical allodynia (p < 0.01), heat thermal hyperalgesia (p < 0.001), and paw edema (p < 0.05). There were no changes in the MPO activity, but the data exhibited an equivalent decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood of the mice that were treated with B. trimera (80 mg.kg− 1 p.o.) and diclofenac sodium. Taken together, the present data reinforces the potential of the B. trimera aqueous extract as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic compound.

中文翻译：

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Baccharis 三聚体水提取物调节小鼠的炎症和伤害感受

Baccharis trimera (Less.) 的地上部分经常被用作治疗多种疾病的茶。因此，本研究的目的是确定三聚体水提物的成分，重点关注它们的抗氧化、抗炎和镇痛活性和特性。为此，研究人员使用福尔马林试验和弗氏完全佐剂 (FCA) 进行了体内测定，以测量小鼠的急性和慢性炎症性疼痛。此外，还分析了 FCA 注射后皮下组织中的髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)，以及小鼠外周血淋巴细胞的计数。定性植物化学分析表明在三聚体水提取物中存在类黄酮和皂苷。高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 分析表明存在酚类化合物，如绿原酸、鞣花酸、迷迭香酸，以及黄酮类化合物，如芦丁、槲皮素和木犀草素。DPPH 测定用于测量三聚体水提物的抗氧化活性，这表明 IC50 为 118.18 ± 1.02 μg/mg。福尔马林试验的数据表明，在任何测试剂量（20、40 或 80 毫克/千克 po）下，单剂量的三聚体水提物都不能降低神经源性阶段的伤害性行为. 然而，在该测试的炎症阶段，80 mg/kg (po) 的三聚体水提取物显着降低了伤害性行为，与其他测试剂量相比显示出更高的有效性 (p < 0.05)。重要的是，在治疗第 5 天的慢性炎症模型中，三聚体的水提取物（80 mg/kg po）显着减少了机械性异常性疼痛（p < 0.01）、热痛觉过敏（p < 0.001）和爪水肿(p < 0.05)。MPO 活性没有变化，但数据显示，用三聚体双歧杆菌 (80 mg.kg-1 po) 和双氯芬酸钠处理的小鼠血液中淋巴细胞数量同样减少。总之，目前的数据加强了三聚体水提取物作为抗炎和镇痛化合物的潜力。MPO 活性没有变化，但数据显示，用三聚体双歧杆菌 (80 mg.kg-1 po) 和双氯芬酸钠处理的小鼠血液中淋巴细胞数量同样减少。总之，目前的数据加强了三聚体水提取物作为抗炎和镇痛化合物的潜力。MPO 活性没有变化，但数据显示，用三聚体双歧杆菌 (80 mg.kg-1 po) 和双氯芬酸钠处理的小鼠血液中淋巴细胞数量同样减少。总之，目前的数据加强了三聚体水提取物作为抗炎和镇痛化合物的潜力。