Abstract

The present analysis examined the relationship between PISA results and their influence on policy development within a select group of European nations which included Estonia, Italy, France, and Finland. These countries reflect four distinct outcomes in relation to PISA results: (1) high achievement and high equity (Estonia); (2) stagnant performance (Italy); (3) low achievement and low equity (France); and (4) a negative equity trend (Finland). The discussion argues these outcomes can be associated with cases of policy inertia, avoidance, and refraction.

中文翻译：

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欧洲的 PISA 和教育改革：政策惯性、回避和折射的案例

摘要

目前的分析研究了 PISA 结果与其对选定的欧洲国家组（包括爱沙尼亚、意大利、法国和芬兰）的政策制定的影响之间的关系。这些国家在 PISA 结果方面反映了四种不同的结果：(1) 高成就和高公平（爱沙尼亚）；(2) 业绩停滞（意大利）；(3) 低成就和低公平（法国）；(4) 负资产趋势（芬兰）。讨论认为，这些结果可能与政策惯性、回避和折射的情况有关。